非限定动词特色的比较-凯发k8官网

非限定动词特色的比较
文章来源: 文章作者: 发布时间:2008-12-29 00:52 字体: [ ] 
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

  英语动词有限定(finite)和非限定(non-finite)两类。

  句子中的谓语动词(predicative verb)是限定的;限定动词受人称(person)和数目(number)的限制。此外,还有时态(tense )、语态(voice)和情态(mood)等。例如:
① good leaders serve the people whole-heartedly.
② jason is giving a public lecture.
③ who did it?
④ i would appreciate it if you could do me a favour.

  在句子中可以施展其他功能的动词是非限定动词;这些动词具有一般动词的许多特性,但没有“人称”和“数目”的限制。

  非限定动词分三种:不定式动词(the 1); 分词( the participle); 动名词(the gerund); 分词又分现在分词( the present participle)和过去分词(the past participle)。

  例如:
⑤ tom found the prescribed text hard to read.
⑥ helen has a smiling face.
⑦ your written english is good.
⑧ smoking is harmful to health.

  ⑤里的是不定式动词;⑥里的是现在分词;⑦里的是过去分词;
⑧里的是动名词。

  非限定动词及其短语,语法功能庞大,涉及下列五方面:

  ㈠ 当主语

  不定式动词和动名词都可当句子的主语,取代名词和代名词。例如:
⑨ to swim in a warm day is 2.
⑩ swimming makes us hale and 3.

  ㈡ 当补足语

  可当主语的句子成分也可当补足语。例如:
● a good government"s desire is serving the people.
● what is difficult is to hoodwink the public indefinitely.

  同样的,现在分词与过去分词也可充当接系动词(the linking verb)的补足语。例如:
● the witness"s evidence is quite convincing.
● at long last, john was 4 convinced.

  ㈢ 当宾语

  不定式动词和动名词都可充当及物动词的宾语。例如:
● the baby wanted to drink milk.
● janet suddenly stopped talking.

   它们也可以成为介词的宾语,但除了“except, but, about, than”之外,介词的宾语多数是动名词。

  例如:
? i am tired of repeating the same point.
? most of us desired nothing except to succeed.
? betty did nothing useful but talk(不带”to”)。
? that weak old man is about to die.

  ㈣ 当名词修饰语
? don"t disturb the sleeping dog.(现在分词)
? can you remove the damaged machine?(过去分词)
? that is the only thing to do.(不定式动词)
? the sailors came in a fishing boat.(动名词)

  ㈤ 当动词修饰语
? walking along the road, he came across a friend.(现在分词短语)
? extremely frightened, the picnickers fled.(过去分词短语)
? the athlete stopped to take a rest?(不定式动词短语)
? peter came running.(动名词)



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 eqjz2f     
n.不定词;adj.不定词的
参考例句:
  • the use of the split infinitive is now generally acceptable.分裂不定式的用法现在已被广泛接受。
  • modal verbs generally take the bare infinitive.情态动词通常用不带to的不定式。
2 n3fx0     
adj.欢乐的,令人欢欣的
参考例句:
  • she was joyful of her good result of the scientific experiments.她为自己的科学实验取得好成果而高兴。
  • they were singing and dancing to celebrate this joyful occasion.他们唱着、跳着庆祝这令人欢乐的时刻。
3 od1zn     
adj.热情友好的;衷心的;尽情的,纵情的
参考例句:
  • after work they made a hearty meal in the worker's canteen.工作完了,他们在工人食堂饱餐了一顿。
  • we accorded him a hearty welcome.我们给他热忱的欢迎。
4 gfuzd     
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
参考例句:
  • the doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • they soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
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