关于奥密克戎毒株你想知道的都在这里-凯发k8官网

关于奥密克戎毒株你想知道的都在这里
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2021-11-30 03:33 字体: [ ] 
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
对于近日在一些国家出现的新冠病毒变异毒株奥密克戎,世界卫生组织26日紧急召开专门评估会议,将其列为“需要关注”的变异毒株,要求各国加强监测与测序工作。奥密克戎毒株为何“需要关注”?此次病毒突变的意义何在?现有防疫工具是否还有效?
 
what is it called?
最新变异毒株叫什么?
 
the 1 was 2 referred to as b.1.1.529, but on friday was designated as a variant of concern (voc) by the world health organization because of its “concerning” mutations and because “preliminary evidence suggests an increased risk of reinfection with this variant”. the who system assigns such 3 a greek letter, to provide a non-stigmatising label that does not associate new variants with the location where they were first detected. the new variant has been called omicron.
该变异毒株最初被称为b.1.1.529,世界卫生组织11月26日认定其为“需要关注”的变异株,因为其出现“令人担忧”的突变以及“初步证据表明该变异株使人体再次感染的风险增加”。世卫组织以希腊字母“奥密克戎”命名该变异毒株。这样不带歧视的命名形式确保这些新变异毒株的名字不会与它们首次被发现的地方关联起来。
 
when was the omicron variant first detected?
何时首次检测到奥密克戎毒株?
 
the b.1.1.529 variant was identified on tuesday and highlighted as a concern due to its high number of mutations, which could lead it to 4 5. it was also linked to a surge in case numbers in the gauteng province of south africa, an urban area containing pretoria and johannesburg, in the past two weeks. these two factors put it quickly on the 6 of international monitors, with the chief medical 7 to the uk health and security agency describing the variant as the “most worrying we've seen”.
奥密克戎变异毒株于11月23日被发现,由于其存在大量突变,可能逃避人体的免疫系统,而引起关注。该变异株与过去两周南非豪登省(包含比勒陀利亚和约翰内斯堡的城区)的病例数量激增有关。这两个因素迅速引起了国际监测机构的注意,英国卫生安全局首席医学顾问称这种变异毒株是“我们见过的最令人担忧的”。
 
where did it come from?
奥密克戎毒株从哪里来?
 
although initially linked to gauteng, the variant did not necessarily originate there. the earliest sample showing the variant was collected in botswana on 11 november. scientists say that the unusual 8 of mutations suggests it may have emerged during a 9 infection of an immunocompromised person, such as an untreated hiv/aids patient.
虽然奥密克戎毒株最初与豪登省相关,但并不一定起源于豪登省。该变异株的最早样本是11月11日在博茨瓦纳收集到的。科学家称,这种不寻常的大量突变表明,奥密克戎毒株可能是在免疫功能低下的人(如未经治疗的艾滋病病毒携带者或艾滋病患者)的慢性感染过程中出现的。
 
why are scientists worried about it?
为什么科学家对此感到担忧?
 
the variant has more than 30 mutations on its 10 protein – the key used by the virus to unlock our body's cells – more than double the number carried by 11. such a dramatic change has raised concerns that the antibodies from previous infections or 12 may no longer be well matched.
奥密克戎毒株的刺突蛋白有30多个突变,是德尔塔毒株的两倍多。刺突蛋白是病毒解锁人体细胞的钥匙。这种巨大的变化让人担心以前因感染或接种疫苗产生的抗体可能对奥密克戎毒株无效。
 
is it more transmissible?
奥密克戎毒株传播力更强吗?
 
this is not yet clearcut but the emerging picture is worrying. there has been a surge of cases in south africa from 273 cases on 16 november to more than 1,200 by the start of last week. more than 80% of these were from gauteng province and preliminary analysis suggests the variant has rapidly become the 13 strain. the r value, which indicates how fast an 14 is growing, is estimated to be 1.47 for south africa as a whole, but 1.93 in gauteng. there is a chance this is a 15 blip linked to a super-spreader event but the data has triggered enough concern for precautionary measures.
关于这点尚不清楚,但目前出现的情况令人担忧。南非的病例从11月16日的273例激增到上周初的1200多例。其中80%以上来自豪登省,初步分析表明该变种已迅速成为优势菌株。r值表示流行病的传播速度,据估算南非整体r值为1.47,豪登省r值为1.93。这可能是与超级传播者有关的暂时性统计突变,但统计数据已经足以让人担忧,需要采取预防措施。
 
will existing 16 work against it?
现有的疫苗对奥密克戎毒株有效吗?
 
scientists are concerned by the number of mutations and the fact some of them have already been linked to an ability to evade existing immune protection. these are theoretical predictions, though, and studies are rapidly being conducted to test how effectively antibodies 17 the new variant. real-world data on reinfection rates will also give a clearer indication on the extent of any change in immunity.
奥密克戎毒株基因突变的数量以及其中一些突变与逃避现有免疫保护的能力有关,这让科学家感到担忧。不过,这些都是理论上的预测,目前正在迅速开展研究,以测试抗体对新毒株的有效性如何。再感染率的真实数据也将更清楚地表明免疫力变化的程度。
 
scientists do not expect that the variant will be 18 unrecognizable to existing antibodies, just that current vaccines may give less protection. so a crucial objective 19 to increase vaccination rates, including third doses for at-risk groups.
科学家们并不认为现有抗体完全无法识别奥密克戎毒株,只是目前的疫苗保护力可能降低。因此,一个关键目标仍然是提高疫苗接种率,包括为高危人群提供第三剂疫苗。
 
what about existing drugs?
现有的药物呢?
 
scientists expect that recently approved antiviral drugs, such as merck's pill, will work as effectively against the new variant because these drugs do not target the spike protein – they work by stopping the virus from 20. however, there is a bigger risk that monoclonal antibodies, such as regeneron's treatment, could fail or 21 fail because they target parts of the virus that will have mutated.
科学家们预计,最近批准的抗病毒药物,如默克的药剂,将对这种新毒株同样有效,因为这些药物不针对刺突蛋白——它们通过阻止病毒复制发挥作用。然而,单克隆抗体(如再生元制药公司的药物)失败或部分失败的风险更大,因为它们针对的是病毒将发生突变的部分。
 
will the variant cause more severe covid?
感染奥密克戎毒株病情会更严重吗?
 
there is no information yet on whether the variant leads to a change in covid symptoms or severity – this is something south african scientists will be closely monitoring. since there is a lag between infections and more serious illness, it will take several weeks before any clear data is available. at this stage, scientists say there is no strong reason to suspect that the latest variant will be either worse or milder.
目前还没有关于该变异株是否会导致新冠病毒症状或严重程度改变的信息——南非科学家将密切关注这一点。由于感染和更严重的病症之间存在时滞,因此需要几周时间才能获得明确的数据。在这个阶段,科学家表示没有强有力的理由怀疑感染奥密克戎毒株病情会更重或更轻。


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1 gfuzrt     
adj.不同的,变异的;n.变体,异体
参考例句:
  • we give professional suggestions according to variant tanning stages for each customer.我们针对每位顾客不同的日晒阶段,提供强度适合的晒黑建议。
  • in a variant of this approach,the tests are data- driven.这个方法的一个变种,是数据驱动的测试。
2 273xz     
adv.最初,开始
参考例句:
  • the ban was initially opposed by the us.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
  • feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。
3 796e0e5ff8114b13b2e23cde9d3c6904     
n.变体( variant的名词复数 );变种;变型;(词等的)变体
参考例句:
  • those variants will be preserved in the'struggle for existence". 这些变异将在“生存竞争”中被保留下来。 来自辞典例句
  • like organisms, viruses have variants, generally called strains. 与其他生物一样,病毒也有变种,一般称之为株系。 来自辞典例句
4 evade     
vt.逃避,回避;避开,躲避
参考例句:
  • he tried to evade the embarrassing question.他企图回避这令人难堪的问题。
  • you are in charge of the job.how could you evade the issue?你是负责人,你怎么能对这个问题不置可否?
5 dygyq     
n.优惠;免除;豁免,豁免权
参考例句:
  • the law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。
  • he claims diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.他要求外交豁免以便避免被捕。
6 ktuxx     
n.雷达,无线电探测器
参考例句:
  • they are following the flight of an aircraft by radar.他们正在用雷达追踪一架飞机的飞行。
  • enemy ships were detected on the radar.敌舰的影像已显现在雷达上。
7 hznziu     
n.劝告者,顾问
参考例句:
  • they employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
  • our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。
8 cptzi     
n.星座n.灿烂的一群
参考例句:
  • a constellation is a pattern of stars as seen from the earth. 一个星座只是从地球上看到的某些恒星的一种样子。
  • the big dipper is not by itself a constellation. 北斗七星本身不是一个星座。
9 bo9zl     
adj.(疾病)长期未愈的,慢性的;极坏的
参考例句:
  • famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
  • chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。
10 ltnzo     
n.长钉,钉鞋;v.以大钉钉牢,使...失效
参考例句:
  • the spike pierced the receipts and held them in order.那个钉子穿过那些收据并使之按顺序排列。
  • they'll do anything to spike the guns of the opposition.他们会使出各种手段来挫败对手。
11 gxvxz     
n.(流的)角洲
参考例句:
  • he has been to the delta of the nile.他曾去过尼罗河三角洲。
  • the nile divides at its mouth and forms a delta.尼罗河在河口分岔,形成了一个三角洲。
12 bkgzm     
n.接种疫苗,种痘
参考例句:
  • vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
  • doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。
13 usaxg     
adj.支配的,统治的;占优势的;显性的;n.主因,要素,主要的人(或物);显性基因
参考例句:
  • the british were formerly dominant in india.英国人从前统治印度。
  • she was a dominant figure in the french film industry.她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。
14 5itzz     
n.流行病;盛行;adj.流行性的,流传极广的
参考例句:
  • that kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
  • the authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。
15 bu3wa     
adj.统计的,统计学的
参考例句:
  • he showed the price fluctuations in a statistical table.他用统计表显示价格的波动。
  • they're making detailed statistical analysis.他们正在做具体的统计分析。
16 c9bb57973a82c1e95c7cd0f4988a1ded     
疫苗,痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • his team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
  • the vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。
17 g5hzm     
v.使失效、抵消,使中和
参考例句:
  • nothing could neutralize its good effects.没有什么能抵消它所产生的好影响。
  • acids neutralize alkalis and vice versa.酸能使碱中和碱,亦能使酸中和。
18 entirely     
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地
参考例句:
  • the fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
  • his life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。
19 1kmzty     
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
参考例句:
  • he ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • the remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
20 f99e0d57427bf581c14df13d1256bc97     
复制( replicate的现在分词 ); 重复; 再造; 再生
参考例句:
  • applications create these partitions for storing and replicating data. 应用程序创建这些分区用来储存和复制数据。
  • the closest real things to these creatures were bits of self-replicating rna. 最贴近这些造物的实物是能做一点微不足道的自复制的核糖核酸。
21 yl7xm     
adv.部分地,从某些方面讲
参考例句:
  • the door was partially concealed by the drapes.门有一部分被门帘遮住了。
  • the police managed to restore calm and the curfew was partially lifted.警方设法恢复了平静,宵禁部分解除。
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