鱼的“性格”影响其对威胁的方式-凯发k8官网

鱼的“性格”影响其对威胁的方式
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2012-10-23 05:34 字体: [ ] 
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
a fish's personality can influence how it responds to, and learns from threats, according to a new study by professor grant brown from concordia university in canada and his colleagues. their work, looking at how personality influences a fish's memory of a 1 threat, shows that bold 2(鲑鱼) forget predator odor, and hence potentially predator threat, quicker than shy trout. the research is published online in springer's journal behavioral ecology and sociobiology. a prey's ability to balance the conflicting demands of avoiding 3 and 4(觅食), defending territories and/or mating depends on the availability of reliable information regarding predator threats. as predators can be present in different locations and at different times, learning and retaining information about a predator threat, and being able to recall it at a later stage, is key to better assess relevant threats in the future.
 
brown and team studied how long 5 rainbow trout retained information they had 6 learned about a predator, and whether the duration of 7 was influenced by the fish's personality i.e. whether they were 'shy' or 'bold'.
 
the trout were classified as either shy or bold depending on how quickly they escaped from test tanks once a movable plexiglas barrier was removed. those who moved quickly displayed risk-taking behavior -- the bold fish; those who moved more cautiously were avoiding risk -- the shy fish.
 
the researchers conditioned the individual trout to recognize the odor of pumpkinseed(瓜仁太阳鱼), a freshwater fish and trout predator. they then tested whether they still recognised the odor, both 24 hours and eight days later.
 
they found that the fish's personality shaped how long the information was retained. although there was no difference in the fish's odor recognition during the conditioning phase or after 24 hours, shy trout continued to demonstrate a learned response to pumpkinseed odor eight days later, while bold trout did not. these results suggest that the behavioral 8 employed at the time of conditioning i.e. risk-taking or risk-avoiding, influences the memory window of acquired information.


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1 11vza     
n.捕食其它动物的动物;捕食者
参考例句:
  • the final part of this chapter was devoted to a brief summary of predator species.本章最后部分简要总结了食肉动物。
  • komodo dragon is the largest living lizard and a fearsome predator.科摩多龙是目前存在的最大蜥蜴,它是一种令人恐惧的捕食性动物。
2 pkdzs     
n.鳟鱼;鲑鱼(属)
参考例句:
  • thousands of young salmon and trout have been killed by the pollution.成千上万的鲑鱼和鳟鱼的鱼苗因污染而死亡。
  • we hooked a trout and had it for breakfast.我们钓了一条鳟鱼,早饭时吃了。
3 48b965855934a5395e409c1112d94f63     
n.食肉动物( predator的名词复数 );奴役他人者(尤指在财务或性关系方面)
参考例句:
  • birds and their earthbound predators 鸟和地面上捕食它们的动物
  • the eyes of predators are highly sensitive to the slightest movement. 捕食性动物的眼睛能感觉到最细小的动静。 来自《简明英汉词典》
4 6101d89c0b474e01becb6651ecd4f87f     
v.搜寻(食物),尤指动物觅(食)( forage的现在分词 );(尤指用手)搜寻(东西)
参考例句:
  • they eke out a precarious existence foraging in rubbish dumps. 他们靠在垃圾场捡垃圾维持着朝不保夕的生活。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • the campers went foraging for wood to make a fire. 露营者去搜寻柴木点火。 来自辞典例句
5 okey2     
n.青少年,少年读物;adj.青少年的,幼稚的
参考例句:
  • for a grown man he acted in a very juvenile manner.身为成年人,他的行为举止显得十分幼稚。
  • juvenile crime is increasing at a terrifying rate.青少年犯罪正在以惊人的速度增长。
6 bkzzzc     
adv.以前,先前(地)
参考例句:
  • the bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
  • let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿,解释原先发生了什么。
7 hbazk     
n.保留,保持,保持力,记忆力
参考例句:
  • they advocate the retention of our nuclear power plants.他们主张保留我们的核电厂。
  • his retention of energy at this hour is really surprising.人们惊叹他在这个时候还能保持如此旺盛的精力。
8 yqowc     
n.战略,策略;adj.战术的,有策略的
参考例句:
  • reducing prices is a common sales tactic.降价是常用的销售策略。
  • she had often used the tactic of threatening to resign.她惯用以辞职相威胁的手法。
tag标签: fish personality
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