心理学家研究士兵战争中及战后心里压力-凯发k8官网

心理学家研究士兵战争中及战后心里压力
文章来源:未知 文章作者:meng 发布时间:2010-07-20 03:03 字体: [ ] 
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

psychologists aren't usually called to the battlefield, but the 2008-09 gaza war gave tel aviv university researchers a unique picture of how anxiety manifests(证明,显示) during stressful situations. in a new study in the american journal of 1(精神病学) , prof. yair bar haim of tau's department of 2 reports that people confronted with acute stress -- daily rocket attacks -- tend to dissociate from threats instead of becoming more 3. this research overturns accepted convention(惯例,习俗) and may lead to better understanding of the 4 5 acute stress reactions, he says.

though conducted on the battlefields of the middle east, prof. bar haim's research has 6 7(反响,影响) for u.s. soldiers as well. "the american government is 8 with large numbers of soldiers coming home from afghanistan and iraq suffering from ptsd," he says. "our study is important because it's the first to show the effects of war-related acute stress in real time." it also has significant implications for the understanding of other known ptsd triggers, such as 9 or motor vehicle accidents.

a real-time picture of stress

using fmri and other imaging techniques, prof. bar haim investigated 10 mechanisms related to anxiety 11 and how people respond 12(认知地) to stress. he also studied how people process threats when they are under severe stress. his previous studies, both at tel aviv university and through the u.s. national institutes of health, looked at neural, 13 and 14 factors related to threat processing in the brain, and these gave prof. bar haim and his team a context to infer(推断,推论) what happens in the brain when behavioral data on acute stress situations is collected.

in the most recent study, he looked at israelis close to the firing zone, near the border with gaza, where they had been living with the daily stress of rocket threats for eight years. the threat became more severe during the war. while his test subjects completed various computer tasks to test behavior, dr. bar haim monitored processes at the deeper, unseen levels of the brain.

he found that subjects under acute stress developed symptoms of post-trauma(创伤,外伤) and most often manifested a dissociative state rather than one of hypervigilance(高度警觉) . most important for clinical applications, the researchers found that the symptoms produce a measurable effect –– a neuromarker -- that may be used to predict who are the individuals most at risk for developing 15 ptsd following a traumatic event.

less vigilant to personal threats

prof. bar haim says this is the first study in the scientific literature to describe real-time effects of war-related stress on its victims. in the previous literature, scientists assumed that people under stress would become more vigilant to threats, rather than disengaging(分离,退出) . "this calls for some revision of the foundations of the stress-ptsd model," he says.

prof. bar haim is now conducting a study involving israeli soldiers that investigates the potential use of computer-based tasks to modify and retrain the attention system of the 16(折磨,痛苦) patient. called "attention 17 18 treatment," the approach has been successfully 19 in several clinical trials both in the u.s. and in israel. soon it will be tested in idf veterans with ptsd.

prof. bar haim emphasizes that the treatment of anxiety-related disorders is not an easy task. but he hopes that his work in the field, coupled with imaging technologies and computer software, will lead to more effective ways of treating victims of anxiety and ptsd so they can lead normal and healthy lives.



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 g0jze     
n.精神病学,精神病疗法
参考例句:
  • the study appeared in the amercian science journal of psychiatry.这个研究发表在美国精神病学的杂志上。
  • a physician is someone who specializes in psychiatry.精神病专家是专门从事精神病治疗的人。
2 u0wze     
n.心理,心理学,心理状态
参考例句:
  • she has a background in child psychology.她受过儿童心理学的教育。
  • he studied philosophy and psychology at cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。
3 ulez2     
adj.警觉的,警戒的,警惕的
参考例句:
  • he has to learn how to remain vigilant through these long nights.他得学会如何在这漫长的黑夜里保持警觉。
  • the dog kept a vigilant guard over the house.这只狗警醒地守护着这所房屋。
4 d0db71d70348ef1c49f05f59097917b8     
n.机械( mechanism的名词复数 );机械装置;[生物学] 机制;机械作用
参考例句:
  • the research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms. 这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • he explained how the two mechanisms worked. 他解释这两台机械装置是如何工作的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
5 5fyz8c     
adj.在下面的,含蓄的,潜在的
参考例句:
  • the underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
  • this word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。
6 aapxh     
adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的
参考例句:
  • his immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
  • we declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。
7 4fac33c46ab5414927945f4d05f0769d     
n.后果,反响( repercussion的名词复数 );余波
参考例句:
  • the collapse of the company will have repercussions for the whole industry. 这家公司的垮台将会给整个行业造成间接的负面影响。
  • human acts have repercussions far beyond the frontiers of the human world. 人类行为所产生的影响远远超出人类世界的范围。 来自《简明英汉词典》
8 nvjzwp     
n.经商方法,待人态度
参考例句:
  • this store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
  • his fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。
9 paqzh     
n.抢夺,掠夺,强奸;vt.掠夺,抢夺,强奸
参考例句:
  • the rape of the countryside had a profound ravage on them.对乡村的掠夺给他们造成严重创伤。
  • he was brought to court and charged with rape.他被带到法庭并被指控犯有强奸罪。
10 dnxzft     
adj.神经的,神经系统的
参考例句:
  • the neural network can preferably solve the non- linear problem.利用神经网络建模可以较好地解决非线性问题。
  • the information transmission in neural system depends on neurotransmitters.信息传递的神经途径有赖于神经递质。
11 6e49dcafe3638183c823d3aa5b12b010     
n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 );凌乱;骚乱;(身心、机能)失调
参考例句:
  • reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告,厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • the announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》
12 d28af4705de1f9218cb8ba1d5bdf8372     
参考例句:
  • cognitively,man,the subject of cognition,must classify and categorize the objects. 从认知学角度来看 ,作为认知主体的人对于认知对象必须进行分类和范畴化。 来自互联网
  • cognitively, reference can be studied along with information processing of human mind. 从认知的角度看,要研究人类思维的信息处理过程。 来自互联网
13 pgixp     
adj.遗传的,遗传学的
参考例句:
  • it's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
  • each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
14 me9xh     
adj.分子的;克分子的
参考例句:
  • the research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms.这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。
  • for the pressure to become zero, molecular bombardment must cease.当压强趋近于零时,分子的碰撞就停止了。
15 bo9zl     
adj.(疾病)长期未愈的,慢性的;极坏的
参考例句:
  • famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
  • chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。
16 aaf4adfe86f9ab55b4275dae2a2e305a     
使受痛苦,折磨( afflict的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • about 40% of the country's population is afflicted with the disease. 全国40%左右的人口患有这种疾病。
  • a terrible restlessness that was like to hunger afflicted martin eden. 一阵可怕的、跟饥饿差不多的不安情绪折磨着马丁·伊登。
17 0qbyq     
n.偏见,偏心,偏袒;vt.使有偏见
参考例句:
  • they are accusing the teacher of political bias in his marking.他们在指控那名教师打分数有政治偏见。
  • he had a bias toward the plan.他对这项计划有偏见。
18 tezxm     
n.修改,改进,缓和,减轻
参考例句:
  • the law,in its present form,is unjust;it needs modification.现行的法律是不公正的,它需要修改。
  • the design requires considerable modification.这个设计需要作大的修改。
19 tz2zxa     
adj.应用的;v.应用,适用
参考例句:
  • she plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • this cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
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