直接引语与间接引语专题讲座
定义:
直接引语:直接引用别人的原话,并在原话前后加引号。
例:he 1:" it is too late."
间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,多数以宾语从句的形式构成。
例:he said it 2 too late.
直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题
第一:人称的变化。
主语为第一人称的直接引语,变间接引语时,人称要做相应调整。
例如:
直接引语 she said:" i am hungry."
间接引语 she said she was hungry.
直接引语 mum said to me:" you must clean your bedroom by 3."
间接引语 mum told me that i 4 to clean my bedroom by 5.
第二:时态变化
直接引语变间接引语时,间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。其规律如下图。
注意:
1.直接引语为客观真理时,间接引语时态不变,仍用一般现在时。
例如:teacher told us:" the moon moves round the 6."
teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.
2.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时,间接引语仍用一般过去时。
例如:she said:" i went to england in 1998."
she said she went to england in 1998.
3.主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,间接引语时态不变。
he says:" i bought you a book yesterday."
he says that he bought me a book yesterday.
第三:指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。
第四:句式上的变化
1.陈述句变间接引语时,用that连接。
如:she said:" i am a girl."
she said that she was a girl. (that可以省略)
2.一般疑问句,选择疑问句和反意疑问句变间接引语时,要用陈述语气,并要加连词if或whether。
例如:she asked me:" are you mr. li?"
she asked me if i was mr. li.
she asked us:" do you want to go on a picnic?"
she asked us if we wanted to go on a picnic.
3.特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导。
例如:"how much have we spent on 7 this year," susan asked her 8.
susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year.
4.祈使句变间接引语,一改二变三加四去。
一改:said (to) 改为asked或told, ordered等
二变:said to 的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语
三加:即在动词原形前加to,使成为动词不定式
四去:去掉please
例:he said to her:" don't take the book away."
he asked her not take the book away.
5.感叹句变为间接引语
"what 9 weather it is!" she said.
she 10 about the awful weather.
"what a bright girl you are." he said to me.
he 11 me that i was a bright girl.