朦胧的麦加朝圣之路-凯发k8官网

朦胧的麦加朝圣之路
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2014-12-16 05:34 字体: [ ] 
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dangerously high levels of air 1 are being released in mecca during the hajj, the annual holy pilgrimage in which millions of muslims on foot and in vehicles 2 on the saudi arabian city, according to findings reported today at the american geophysical union meeting in san francisco. "hajj is like nothing else on the planet. you have 3 to 4 million people -- a whole good-sized city -- coming into an already existing city," said isobel simpson, a uc irvine research chemist in the nobel prize-winning rowland-blake 3 chemistry laboratory. "the problem is that this 4 the pollution that already exists. we measured among the highest concentrations our group has ever measured in urban areas -- and we've studied 75 cities around the world in the past two decades."
 
scientists from uci, king abdulaziz university in saudi arabia, the university of karachi in pakistan, the new york state department of health's wadsworth center, and the university at albany in new york captured and 5 air samples during the 2012 and 2013 hajjes on roadsides; near massive, air-conditioned tents; and in narrow tunnels that 6 people to the grand 7, the world's largest, in the heart of mecca.
 
the worst spot was inside the al-masjid al-haram tunnel, where pilgrims on foot, hotel workers and security personnel are exposed to 8 from idling vehicles, often for hours. the highest carbon monoxide level -- 57,000 parts per billion -- was recorded in this tunnel during october 2012. that's more than 300 times regional background levels.
 
heart attacks are a major concern linked to such exposure: the risk of heart failure hospitalization or death rises sharply as the amount of carbon monoxide in the air 9, the researchers note in a paper published in the journal environmental science & technology. headaches, dizziness and 10 have also been associated with 11 carbon monoxide.
 
"there's carbon monoxide that increases the risk of heart failure. there's benzene that causes narcosis and leukemia," simpson said. "but the other way to look at it is that people are not just breathing in benzene or co, they're breathing in hundreds of 12 of smog and 13."
 
the scientists detected a 14 of unhealthy chemicals, many connected to serious illnesses by the world health organization and others.
 
"air pollution is the cause of one in eight deaths and has now become the single biggest environmental health risk globally," said haider khwaja of the university at albany. "there were 4.3 million deaths in 2012 due to indoor air pollution and 3.7 million deaths because of outdoor air pollution, according to who. and more than 90 percent of those deaths and lost life years occur in developing countries."
 
khwaja experienced sooty air pollution firsthand as a child in karachi, pakistan, and saw his elderly father return from the hajj with a wracking cough that took weeks to clear. he and fellow researchers braved the tunnels and roads to take air samples and install continuous monitors in mecca.
 
"suffocating," he said of the air quality.


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1 694861490fe64672170a0da250a277c7     
污染物质(尤指工业废物)( pollutant的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • pollutants are constantly being released into the atmosphere. 污染物质正在不断地被排放到大气中去。
  • the 1987 amendments limit 301(g) discharges to a few well-studied nonconventional pollutants. 1987年的修正案把第301条(g)的普通排放限制施加在一些认真研究过的几种非常规污染物上。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
2 6oozx     
vi.会合;聚集,集中;(思想、观点等)趋近
参考例句:
  • the results converge towards this truth.其结果趋近于这个真理。
  • parallel lines converge at infinity.平行线永不相交。
3 6eayr     
adj.大气的,空气的;大气层的;大气所引起的
参考例句:
  • sea surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation are strongly coupled.海洋表面温度与大气环流是密切相关的。
  • clouds return radiant energy to the surface primarily via the atmospheric window.云主要通过大气窗区向地表辐射能量。
4 ea3e6fadefd6a802a62d0ef63e69bace     
n.(使)增强, (使)加剧( intensify的名词复数 )v.(使)增强, (使)加剧( intensify的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • a clear atmosphere intensifies the blue of the sky. 纯净的空气使天空变得更蓝。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • blowing on fire intensifies the heat. 吹火使热度加强。 来自《简明英汉词典》
5 483f1acae53789fbee273a644fdcda80     
v.分析( analyze的过去式和过去分词 );分解;解释;对…进行心理分析
参考例句:
  • the doctors analyzed the blood sample for anemia. 医生们分析了贫血的血样。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • the young man did not analyze the process of his captivation and enrapturement, for love to him was a mystery and could not be analyzed. 这年轻人没有分析自己蛊惑著迷的过程,因为对他来说,爱是个不可分析的迷。 来自《简明英汉词典》
6 xhgx4     
n.漏斗;烟囱;v.汇集
参考例句:
  • he poured the petrol into the car through a funnel.他用一个漏斗把汽油灌入汽车。
  • i like the ship with a yellow funnel.我喜欢那条有黄烟囱的船。
7 u15y3     
n.清真寺
参考例句:
  • the mosque is a activity site and culture center of muslim religion.清真寺为穆斯林宗教活动场所和文化中心。
  • some years ago the clock in the tower of the mosque got out of order.几年前,清真寺钟楼里的大钟失灵了。
8 lsyz3q     
n.(强烈而刺激的)气味,气体
参考例句:
  • the health of our children is being endangered by exhaust fumes. 我们孩子们的健康正受到排放出的废气的损害。
  • exhaust fumes are bad for your health. 废气对健康有害。
9 790680411ad69a694a6934c6db897a04     
v.(使)逐步升级( escalate的第三人称单数 );(使)逐步扩大;(使)更高;(使)更大
参考例句:
  • as the challenge escalates, the need for teamwork elevates. 面临的挑战越大,越需要团队协同合作。 来自互联网
  • i cannot understand why a minor disagreement escalates into a fist-fight. 我真不明白为什么一点意见不合就变成了拳头相见。 来自互联网
10 c5dzz     
n.作呕,恶心;极端的憎恶(或厌恶)
参考例句:
  • early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕期常有恶心的现象。
  • he experienced nausea after eating octopus.吃了章鱼后他感到恶心。
11 20098cce0f51e7ae5171c97d7853194a     
v.吸入( inhale的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • he was treated for the effects of inhaling smoke. 他因吸入烟尘而接受治疗。 来自辞典例句
  • the long-term effects of inhaling contaminated air is unknown. 长期吸入被污染空气的影响还无从知晓。 来自互联网
12 4725dcf446a342f1473a8228e42dfa48     
(机器、设备等的)构成要素,零件,成分; 成分( component的名词复数 ); [物理化学]组分; [数学]分量; (混合物的)组成部分
参考例句:
  • the components of a machine 机器部件
  • our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。
13 ehryh     
n.煤烟,烟尘;vt.熏以煤烟
参考例句:
  • soot is the product of the imperfect combustion of fuel.煤烟是燃料不完全燃烧的产物。
  • the chimney was choked with soot.烟囱被煤灰堵塞了。
14 0gtz5     
n.炖汤,焖,烦恼;v.炖汤,焖,忧虑
参考例句:
  • the stew must be boiled up before serving.炖肉必须煮熟才能上桌。
  • there's no need to get in a stew.没有必要烦恼。
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