黑猩猩的暴力行为源于遗传-凯发k8官网

黑猩猩的暴力行为源于遗传
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2014-09-20 07:36 字体: [ ] 
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of all of the world's species, humans and chimpanzees are some of the only to engage in 1 attacks on other members of their same species. jane goodall was among the first to introduce the occurrence of 2 inter-community 3 and since then primatologists and anthropologists have long debated the concept of 5 in this genus. research theories have 6 to increased gains and benefits of 4 off competitors and opening up increased access to key resources such as food or mates. in contrast, others have argued that warfare is a result of human impact on chimpanzees, such as habitat destruction or food provisioning, rather than adaptive strategies. new research from an international 7 of ape researchers, published september 18 in the journal nature, has shed new light on the subject, suggesting that human 8 and interference is not, as previous researchers have claimed, an 9 predictor of chimp-on-chimp 10.
 
the study began as a response to a growing number of 11 claiming that chimpanzee violence was caused by human impacts. "this is an important question to get right. if we are using chimpanzees as a model for understanding human violence, we need to know what really causes chimpanzees to be violent," said university of minnesota researcher michael l. wilson, lead author on the study.
 
"humans have long impacted african tropical forests and chimpanzees, and one of the long-standing questions is if human 12 is an 13 factor causing the lethal aggression observed," explained co-author david morgan, phd, research fellow with the lester e fisher center for the study and conservation of apes at lincoln park zoo in chicago. morgan has studied chimpanzees deep in the forests of republic of congo for 14 years. "a key take-away from this research is that human influence does not spur increased aggression within or between chimpanzee communities."
 
a team of 30 ape researchers assembled extensive data sets spanning five decades of research gathered from 18 chimpanzee communities experiencing varying degrees of human influence. in all, data included pattern analysis of 152 killings by chimpanzees. the key findings indicate that a majority of violent attackers and victims of attack are male chimpanzees, and the information is consistent with the theory that these acts of violence are driven by adaptive fitness benefits rather than human impacts.
 
"wild chimpanzee communities are often divided into two broad categories depending on whether they exist in 14 or human disturbed environments," explained morgan. "in reality, however, human disturbance can occur along a continuum and study sites included in this 15 spanned the 16. we found human impact did not predict the rate of killing among communities.
 
"the more we learn about chimpanzee aggression and factors that trigger lethal attacks among chimpanzees, the more prepared park managers and government officials will be in addressing and 17 risks to populations particularly with changing land use by humans in chimpanzee habitat," explained morgan.


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1 72452d15f78aec5878c1559a1fbb5383     
adj.协调的
参考例句:
  • the sound has to be coordinated with the picture. 声音必须和画面协调一致。
  • the numerous existing statutes are complicated and poorly coordinated. 目前繁多的法令既十分复杂又缺乏快调。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
2 d3lyb     
adj.致死的;毁灭性的
参考例句:
  • a hammer can be a lethal weapon.铁锤可以是致命的武器。
  • she took a lethal amount of poison and died.她服了致命剂量的毒药死了。
3 76d97e8407f821a6e56296c4c9a9388c     
谋杀( killing的名词复数 ); 突然发大财,暴发
参考例句:
  • his statement was seen as an allusion to the recent drug-related killings. 他的声明被视为暗指最近与毒品有关的多起凶杀案。
  • the government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。
4 kpbziq     
n.巨额利润;突然赚大钱,发大财
参考例句:
  • investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
  • last week my brother made a killing on wall street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。
5 xhvwz     
n.战争(状态);斗争;冲突
参考例句:
  • he addressed the audience on the subject of atomic warfare.他向听众演讲有关原子战争的问题。
  • their struggle consists mainly in peasant guerrilla warfare.他们的斗争主要是农民游击战。
6 il8zb4     
adj.尖的,直截了当的
参考例句:
  • he gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
  • she wished to show mrs.john dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。
7 pwlyi     
n.结合体,同盟,结合,联合
参考例句:
  • the several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
  • coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。
8 dpqxb     
n.侵入,蚕食
参考例句:
  • i resent the encroachment on my time.我讨厌别人侵占我的时间。
  • the eagle broke away and defiantly continued its encroachment.此时雕挣脱开对方,继续强行入侵。
9 l7oxk     
adj.有影响的,有权势的
参考例句:
  • he always tries to get in with the most influential people.他总是试图巴结最有影响的人物。
  • he is a very influential man in the government.他在政府中是个很有影响的人物。
10 wkjyf     
n.进攻,侵略,侵犯,侵害
参考例句:
  • so long as we are firmly united, we need fear no aggression.只要我们紧密地团结,就不必惧怕外来侵略。
  • her view is that aggression is part of human nature.她认为攻击性是人类本性的一部份。
11 14bfe5fe312768eb5df7698676f7837c     
n.评论员( commentator的名词复数 );时事评论员;注释者;实况广播员
参考例句:
  • sports commentators repeat the same phrases ad nauseam. 体育解说员翻来覆去说着同样的词语,真叫人腻烦。
  • television sports commentators repeat the same phrases ad nauseam. 电视体育解说员说来说去就是那么几句话,令人厌烦。 来自《简明英汉词典》
12 bsnxk     
n.动乱,骚动;打扰,干扰;(身心)失调
参考例句:
  • he is suffering an emotional disturbance.他的情绪受到了困扰。
  • you can work in here without any disturbance.在这儿你可不受任何干扰地工作。
13 5fyz8c     
adj.在下面的,含蓄的,潜在的
参考例句:
  • the underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
  • this word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。
14 5bqyc     
adj.原来的,古时的,原始的,纯净的,无垢的
参考例句:
  • he wiped his fingers on his pristine handkerchief.他用他那块洁净的手帕擦手指。
  • he wasn't about to blemish that pristine record.他本不想去玷污那清白的过去。
15 mrkzq     
n.调查,调查研究
参考例句:
  • in an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
  • he drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。
16 trhy6     
n.谱,光谱,频谱;范围,幅度,系列
参考例句:
  • this is a kind of atomic spectrum.这是一种原子光谱。
  • we have known much of the constitution of the solar spectrum.关于太阳光谱的构成,我们已了解不少。
17 465c18cfa2b0e25daca50035121a4217     
v.减轻,缓和( mitigate的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • are there any mitigating circumstances in this case ? 本案中是否有任何情况可以减轻被告的罪行? 来自辞典例句
  • a sentencing judge is required to consider any mitigating circumstances befor imposing the death penalty. 在处死刑之前,要求量刑法官必须考虑是否有任何减轻罪行之情节。 来自口语例句
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