肠道细菌影响人们的饮食-凯发k8官网

肠道细菌影响人们的饮食
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2014-08-18 08:13 字体: [ ] 
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it sounds like science fiction, but it seems that bacteria within us -- which outnumber our own cells about 100-fold -- may very well be affecting both our cravings and moods to get us to eat what they want, and often are driving us toward 1. in an article published this week in the journal bioessays, researchers from uc san francisco, arizona state university and university of new mexico concluded from a review of the recent scientific literature that microbes influence human eating behavior and dietary choices to favor consumption of the particular 2 they grow best on, rather than simply passively living off whatever nutrients we choose to send their way.
 
3 species vary in the nutrients they need. some prefer fat, and others sugar, for instance. but they not only vie with each other for food and to retain a 4 within their 5 -- our digestive 7 -- they also often have different aims than we do when it comes to our own actions, according to senior author athena aktipis, phd, co-founder of the center for evolution and cancer with the helen diller family comprehensive cancer center at ucsf.
 
while it is unclear exactly how this occurs, the authors believe this diverse community of microbes, collectively known as the 8 microbiome, may influence our decisions by releasing signaling 9 into our gut. because the gut is linked to the immune system, the endocrine system(内分泌系统) and the nervous system, those signals could influence our 10 and behavioral responses.
 
"bacteria within the gut are manipulative," said carlo maley, phd, director of the ucsf center for evolution and cancer and corresponding author on the paper." "there is a diversity of interests represented in the microbiome, some 11 with our own dietary goals, and others not."
 
fortunately, it's a two-way street. we can influence the compatibility of these 12, single-celled houseguests by deliberating altering what we ingest, maley said, with measurable changes in the microbiome within 24 hours of diet change.
 
"our diets have a huge impact on microbial populations in the gut," maley said. "it's a whole ecosystem, and it's evolving on the time scale of minutes."
 
there are even 13 bacteria that digest seaweed, found in humans in japan, where seaweed is popular in the diet.
 
research suggests that gut bacteria may be affecting our eating decisions in part by 14 through the vagus nerve(迷走神经), which connects 100 million nerve cells from the digestive 6 to the base of the brain.
 
"microbes have the capacity to manipulate behavior and mood through altering the 15 signals in the vagus nerve, changing taste receptors, producing 16 to make us feel bad, and releasing chemical rewards to make us feel good," said aktipis, who is currently in the arizona state university department of 17.


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 dv1ya     
n.肥胖,肥大
参考例句:
  • one effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
  • sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。
2 6a1e1ed248a3ac49744c39cc962fb607     
n.(食品或化学品)营养物,营养品( nutrient的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • a lack of essential nutrients 基本营养的缺乏
  • nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. 营养素被吸收进血液。 来自《简明英汉词典》
3 dy5z8q     
a.细菌的
参考例句:
  • bacterial reproduction is accelerated in weightless space. 在失重的空间,细菌繁殖加快了。
  • brain lesions can be caused by bacterial infections. 大脑损伤可能由细菌感染引起。
4 xgjxh     
n.壁龛;合适的职务(环境、位置等)
参考例句:
  • madeleine placed it carefully in the rocky niche. 玛德琳小心翼翼地把它放在岩石壁龛里。
  • the really talented among women would always make their own niche.妇女中真正有才能的人总是各得其所。
5 wq4xz     
n.生态系统
参考例句:
  • this destroyed the ecosystem of the island.这样破坏了岛上的生态系统。
  • we all have an interest in maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem.维持生态系统的完整是我们共同的利益。
6 ijxz4     
n.传单,小册子,大片(土地或森林)
参考例句:
  • he owns a large tract of forest.他拥有一大片森林。
  • he wrote a tract on this subject.他曾对此写了一篇短文。
7 fcea36d422dccf9d9420a7dd83bea091     
大片土地( tract的名词复数 ); 地带; (体内的)道; (尤指宣扬宗教、伦理或政治的)短文
参考例句:
  • vast tracts of forest 大片大片的森林
  • there are tracts of desert in australia. 澳大利亚有大片沙漠。
8 mezzp     
n.[pl.]胆量;内脏;adj.本能的;vt.取出内脏
参考例句:
  • it is not always necessary to gut the fish prior to freezing.冷冻鱼之前并不总是需要先把内脏掏空。
  • my immediate gut feeling was to refuse.我本能的直接反应是拒绝。
9 187c25e49d45ad10b2f266c1fa7a8d49     
分子( molecule的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • the structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。
  • inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里,大分子裂变为小分子。
10 jnox3     
a.生理学的
参考例句:
  • resections in children do not produce a permanent physiologic handicap. 在儿童中,肝切除不致引起永久性生理障碍。
  • abnormally low or high body temperatute effect a variety of physiologic responses including lowered metabolic rate. 不正常的低或高体温会影响动物体各种不同的生理应答,包括低代谢率。
11 165f93b99f87c219277d70d866425da6     
adj.对齐的,均衡的
参考例句:
  • make sure the shelf is aligned with the top of the cupboard.务必使搁架与橱柜顶端对齐。
12 ndrxq     
adj.微小的,细微的,极小的,显微的
参考例句:
  • it's impossible to read his microscopic handwriting.不可能看清他那极小的书写字迹。
  • a plant's lungs are the microscopic pores in its leaves.植物的肺就是其叶片上微细的气孔。
13 chuzwe     
adj.专门的,专业化的
参考例句:
  • there are many specialized agencies in the united nations.联合国有许多专门机构。
  • these tools are very specialized.这些是专用工具。
14 czrzoc     
n.演戏,行为,假装;adj.代理的,临时的,演出用的
参考例句:
  • ignore her,she's just acting.别理她,她只是假装的。
  • during the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代,她的表演生涯黯然失色。
15 dnxzft     
adj.神经的,神经系统的
参考例句:
  • the neural network can preferably solve the non- linear problem.利用神经网络建模可以较好地解决非线性问题。
  • the information transmission in neural system depends on neurotransmitters.信息传递的神经途径有赖于神经递质。
16 18c3f40d432ba8dc33bad8fb82873ea8     
n.毒素( toxin的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • the seas have been used as a receptacle for a range of industrial toxins. 海洋成了各种有毒工业废料的大容器。
  • most toxins are naturally excreted from the body. 大部分毒素被自然排出体外。 来自《简明英汉词典》
17 u0wze     
n.心理,心理学,心理状态
参考例句:
  • she has a background in child psychology.她受过儿童心理学的教育。
  • he studied philosophy and psychology at cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。
tag标签: bacteria nutrients gut
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