马通过眼睛与耳朵相互交流-凯发k8官网

马通过眼睛与耳朵相互交流
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2014-08-05 07:16 字体: [ ] 
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horses are sensitive to the facial expressions and attention of other horses, including the direction of the eyes and ears. the findings, reported in the cell press journal current biology on august 4, are a 1 for us humans to look beyond our own limitations and recognize that other species may communicate in ways that we can't, the researchers say. after all, human ears aren't mobile. "our study is the first to examine a potential cue to attention that humans do not have: the ears," says jennifer wathan of the university of sussex. "previous work investigating communication of attention in animals has focused on cues that humans use: body 2, head orientation, and eye gaze(凝视); no one else had gone beyond that. however, we found that in horses their ear position was also a crucial visual signal that other horses respond to. in fact, horses need to see the 3 facial features of both eyes and ears before they use another horse's head direction to guide them."
 
the new study also challenges the earlier held notion that animals with eyes to the sides of their heads cannot 4(收集) information based on the direction of one another's gaze.
 
wathan and the study's senior author karen mccomb took photographs to document cues given by horses when they were paying attention to something. then wathan and mccomb used those photographs as life-sized models for other horses to look at as they chose between two feeding buckets. in each case, the horse in the photo was paying attention to one of the buckets and not the other. in some instances, the researchers also manipulated the image to remove information from key facial areas, including the eyes and the ears.
 
the researchers' observations show that horses rely on the head orientation of their peers to locate food. however, that ability to read each other's interest level is disrupted when parts of the face -- the eyes and ears -- are covered up with masks. the ability to correctly judge attention also 5 depending on the identity of the horse pictured, suggesting that individual facial features may be important, the researchers report.
 
wathan and mccomb plan to continue to explore facial features related to the expression of emotion in their horses, noting that horses' rich social lives and close relationship to humans make them particularly interesting as study subjects. our understanding of horses' social lives might also have implications for their welfare.
 
"horses display some of the same complex and fluid social organization that we have as humans and that we also see in chimpanzees, elephants, and dolphins," wathan says. "the challenges that living in these societies create, such as maintaining valuable social relationships on the basis of unpredictable interactions, are thought to have promoted the evolution of advanced social and communicative skills. there is a general interest in studying species with this social structure."


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1 wkzztb     
n.提醒物,纪念品;暗示,提示
参考例句:
  • i have had another reminder from the library.我又收到图书馆的催还单。
  • it always took a final reminder to get her to pay her share of the rent.总是得发给她一份最后催缴通知,她才付应该交的房租。
2 ij4xo     
n.方向,目标;熟悉,适应,情况介绍
参考例句:
  • children need some orientation when they go to school.小孩子上学时需要适应。
  • the traveller found his orientation with the aid of a good map.旅行者借助一幅好地图得知自己的方向。
3 xunzms     
adj.详细的,详尽的,极注意细节的,完全的
参考例句:
  • he had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
  • a detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。
4 ye5zu     
v.收集(消息、资料、情报等)
参考例句:
  • the little information that we could glean about them was largely contradictory.我们能够收集到的有关它们的少量信息大部分是自相矛盾的。
  • from what i was able to glean,it appears they don't intend to take any action yet.根据我所收集到的资料分析,他们看来还不打算采取任何行动。
5 giiw9     
adj.多样的,多变化的
参考例句:
  • the forms of art are many and varied.艺术的形式是多种多样的。
  • the hotel has a varied programme of nightly entertainment.宾馆有各种晚间娱乐活动。
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