空间气象可能造成卫星运行故障-凯发k8官网

空间气象可能造成卫星运行故障
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2013-09-17 06:53 字体: [ ] 
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is your cable television on the fritz(发生故障)? one explanation, scientists suspect, may be the weather -- the weather in space, that is. mit researchers are investigating the effects of space weather -- such as solar 1, geomagnetic storms and other forms of electromagnetic radiation -- on geostationary satellites(地球同步卫星), which provide much of the world's access to cable television, internet services and global communications.
 
geostationary satellites orbit at the same rate as the earth's 2, 3 remaining above the same location throughout their lifetimes. these satellites are designed to last up to 15 years, during which time they may be bombarded(轰炸) by charged particles. most satellites cover sensitive electronics with layers of protective shielding, but over time, radiation can 4 and degrade a satellite's 5 and performance.
 
"if we can understand how the environment affects these satellites, and we can design to improve the satellites to be more tolerant, then it would be very beneficial not just in cost, but also in efficiency," says whitney lohmeyer, a graduate student in mit's department of 6 and astronautics.
 
lohmeyer is working with kerri cahoy, an assistant professor of aeronautics and astronautics, to understand how sensitive components are to the weather conditions in space, and how space weather may contribute to failures.
 
in a paper published in the journal space weather, the team 7 space weather conditions at the time of 26 failures in eight geostationary satellites over 16 years of operation. the researchers found that most of the failures occurred at times of high-energy electron activity during declining phases of the solar cycle. this particle 8, the scientists theorize, may have accumulated in the satellites over time, creating internal charging that damaged their amplifiers -- key components responsible for strengthening and relaying a signal back to earth.
 
lohmeyer says a better understanding of space weather's effects on satellites is needed not just for current fleets, but also for the next generation of communications satellites.
 
"users are starting to demand more capabilities," lohmeyer notes. "they want to start video-streaming data, they want to communicate faster with higher data rates. so design is changing -- along with susceptibilities to space weather and radiation that didn't used to exist, but are now becoming a problem."


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1 2c4a86d21d1a57023e2985339a79f9e2     
n.喇叭裤v.(使)闪耀( flare的第三人称单数 );(使)(船舷)外倾;(使)鼻孔张大;(使)(衣裙、酒杯等)呈喇叭形展开
参考例句:
  • the side of a ship flares from the keel to the deck. 船舷从龙骨向甲板外倾。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • he's got a fiery temper and flares up at the slightest provocation. 他是火爆性子,一点就着。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
2 lxmxe     
n.旋转;循环,轮流
参考例句:
  • crop rotation helps prevent soil erosion.农作物轮作有助于防止水土流失。
  • the workers in this workshop do day and night shifts in weekly rotation.这个车间的工人上白班和上夜班每周轮换一次。
3 nntxw     
adv.本质上,实质上,基本上
参考例句:
  • really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
  • she is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。
4 jusyv     
v.透(渗)入;刺入,刺穿;洞察,了解
参考例句:
  • western ideas penetrate slowly through the east.西方观念逐渐传入东方。
  • the sunshine could not penetrate where the trees were thickest.阳光不能透入树木最浓密的地方。
5 4725dcf446a342f1473a8228e42dfa48     
(机器、设备等的)构成要素,零件,成分; 成分( component的名词复数 ); [物理化学]组分; [数学]分量; (混合物的)组成部分
参考例句:
  • the components of a machine 机器部件
  • our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。
6 bkvyg     
n.航空术,航空学
参考例句:
  • national aeronautics and space undertakings have made great progress.国家的航空航天事业有了很大的发展。
  • he devoted every spare moment to aeronautics.他把他所有多余的时间用在航空学上。
7 483f1acae53789fbee273a644fdcda80     
v.分析( analyze的过去式和过去分词 );分解;解释;对…进行心理分析
参考例句:
  • the doctors analyzed the blood sample for anemia. 医生们分析了贫血的血样。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • the young man did not analyze the process of his captivation and enrapturement, for love to him was a mystery and could not be analyzed. 这年轻人没有分析自己蛊惑著迷的过程,因为对他来说,爱是个不可分析的迷。 来自《简明英汉词典》
8 sg4zj     
n.流动;不断的改变
参考例句:
  • the market is in a constant state of flux.市场行情在不断变化。
  • in most reactors,there is a significant flux of fast neutrons.在大部分反应堆中都有一定强度的快中子流。
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