伊朗电报员最早提出地震预警系统-凯发k8官网

伊朗电报员最早提出地震预警系统

文章来源：未知文章作者：enread 发布时间：2013-09-04 07:45 字体： [ ]　

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in 1909, an iranian telegraph operator living in the remote desert town of kerman noticed an unusual movement of the magnetic needle of his telegraph instrument. while other telegraph operators during the late 1800s and early 1900s noticed the phenomenon, the iranian telegraph operator proposed an earthquake early warning system, as ¹ in an article published today by the journal seismological research letters (srl). nineteenth century telegraph operators in new zealand, switzerland, chile, the caribbean and elsewhere ² the usefulness of electric telegraph for ³ natural ⁴. but the iranian telegraph operator and cashier, named yusef (joseph), took the next step, suggesting the concept of a local earthquake warning system in a persian newspaper, the new iran.

he became aware of anomaly（异常，不规则） in 1897 and put the knowledge to use in 1909, using the six seconds of warning to urge his fellow ⁵ to ⁶ the building.

"i am confident if a more sophisticated instrument is built," wrote yusef, "a few minutes after the needle's ⁷ move, the earthquake will be felt. and if the system is connected to a big bell (an alarm system), it can be heard by all the people, and their lives will be saved."

while j.d. cooper, m.d. is credited with first proposing an early warning system in 1868, which he described in an article printed by the san francisco daily bulletin, the iranian telegraph operator living on the edge of desert likely had no access to american newspapers. few newspapers existed at that time in iran, when the literacy rate did not exceed five percent.

manuel berberian, who authored the srl paper, called yusef's attempt to transfer knowledge in the service of others "priceless." he noted that by the 100th anniversary of the printing of yusef's article, earthquakes had claimed the lives of more than 164,000 iranians, and no plans for an early warning system are in development.

the article, "early earthquake detection and warning alarm system in iran by a telegraph operator: a 116-year-old disaster prevention attempt," will appear in the september issue of srl, which is published by the seismological society of america.

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收听单词发音

1
adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的
参考例句：
he had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。 a detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。

2
adj.著名的，知名的
参考例句：
the local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。 jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

3
n.录音，记录
参考例句：
how long will the recording of the song take?录下这首歌得花多少时间？ i want to play you a recording of the rehearsal.我想给你放一下彩排的录像。

4
n.现象
参考例句：
ade couldn't relate the phenomena with any theory he knew.艾德无法用他所知道的任何理论来解释这种现象。 the object of these experiments was to find the connection,if any,between the two phenomena.这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系，如果存在着任何联系的话。

5
n.居民，居住者( dweller的名词复数 )
参考例句：
city dwellers think country folk have provincial attitudes. 城里人以为乡下人思想迂腐。来自《简明英汉词典》 they have transformed themselves into permanent city dwellers. 他们已成为永久的城市居民。来自《简明英汉词典》

6
v.遣送；搬空；抽出；排泄；大(小)便
参考例句：
we must evacuate those soldiers at once!我们必须立即撤出这些士兵！ they were planning to evacuate the seventy american officials still in the country.他们正计划转移仍滞留在该国的70名美国官员。

7
adj.反常的；不规则的
参考例句：
for years this anomalous behaviour has baffled scientists.几年来这种反常行为让科学家们很困惑。 the mechanism of this anomalous vascular response is unknown.此种不规则的血管反应的机制尚不清楚。