温暖的海水使南极大部分冰架消融-凯发k8官网

温暖的海水使南极大部分冰架消融
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2013-06-16 03:42 字体: [ ] 
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
ocean waters melting the undersides of antarctic ice shelves, not 2 calving into the sea, are responsible for most of the continent's ice loss, a study by uc irvine and others has found. the first comprehensive survey of all antarctic ice shelves discovered that basal melt, or ice dissolving from 3, accounted for 55 percent of shelf loss from 2003 to 2008 -- a rate much higher than 4 thought. ice shelves, floating extensions of 5, fringe 75 percent of the vast, frozen continent.
 
the findings, to be published in the june 14 issue of science, will help scientists improve 6 of how antarctica, which holds about 60 percent of the planet's fresh water locked in its massive ice sheet, will respond to a warming ocean and contribute to sea level rise.
 
it turns out that the 7(拖拽) of seawaters just above the freezing point matters more than the breaking off of bergs.
 
"we find that 1 calving is not the 8 process of ice removal. in fact, ice shelves mostly melt from the bottom before they even form icebergs," said lead author eric rignot, a uc irvine professor who's also a researcher with nasa's jet propulsion laboratory in pasadena. "this has profound implications for our understanding of interactions between antarctica and climate change. it basically puts the southern ocean up front as the most significant control on the evolution of the polar ice sheet."
 
ice shelves grow through a combination of land ice flowing to the sea and snow falling on their surfaces. the researchers combined a regional snow accumulation model and a new map of antarctica's bedrock with ice shelf thickness, 9 and 10 data captured by operation icebridge -- an 11 nasa aerial survey of greenland and the south pole. (rignot will host a planning session of operation icebridge scientists at uc irvine on june 17 and 18.)
 
ocean melting is distributed 12 around the continent. the three giant ice shelves of ross, filchner and ronne, which make up two-thirds of antarctica's ice shelves, accounted for only 15 percent of the melting. meanwhile, less than a dozen small ice shelves floating on 13 warm waters produced half the total meltwater during the same period.
 
the researchers also compared the rates at which the ice shelves are shedding ice with the speed at which the continent itself is losing mass and found that, on average, the shelves lost mass twice as fast as the antarctic ice sheet did.
 
"ice shelf melt can be 14 by ice flow from the continent," rignot said. "but in a number of places around antarctica, they are melting too fast, and as a consequence, glaciers and the entire continent are changing."
 
other authors are jeremie mouginot and bernd scheuchl of uc irvine and stanley jacobs of columbia university. funding was provided by nasa, the national science foundation, and the national oceanic & 15 administration.


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 cbkx0     
n.冰山,流冰,冷冰冰的人
参考例句:
  • the ship hit an iceberg and went under.船撞上一座冰山而沉没了。
  • the glacier calved a large iceberg.冰河崩解而形成一个大冰山。
2 71cdbb120fe8de8e449c16eaeca8d8a8     
n.冰山,流冰( iceberg的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • the drift of the icebergs in the sea endangers the ships. 海上冰山的漂流危及船只的安全。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • the icebergs towered above them. 冰山高耸于他们上方。 来自辞典例句
3 vkrz2     
adj.在...下面,在...底下;adv.在下面
参考例句:
  • working underneath the car is always a messy job.在汽车底下工作是件脏活。
  • she wore a coat with a dress underneath.她穿着一件大衣,里面套着一条连衣裙。
4 bkzzzc     
adv.以前,先前(地)
参考例句:
  • the bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
  • let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿,解释原先发生了什么。
5 e815ddf266946d55974cdc5579cbd89b     
冰河,冰川( glacier的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • glaciers gouged out valleys from the hills. 冰川把丘陵地带冲出一条条山谷。
  • it has ice and snow glaciers, rainforests and beautiful mountains. 既有冰川,又有雨林和秀丽的山峰。 来自英语晨读30分(高一)
6 7275a1e8ba6325ecfc03ebb61a4b9192     
预测( projection的名词复数 ); 投影; 投掷; 突起物
参考例句:
  • their sales projections are a total thumbsuck. 他们的销售量预测纯属估计。
  • the council has revised its projections of funding requirements upwards. 地方议会调高了对资金需求的预测。
7 5kbzo     
v.用力拖(或拉);苦干;n.拖;苦干;拖船
参考例句:
  • we need to tug the car round to the front.我们需要把那辆车拉到前面。
  • the tug is towing three barges.那只拖船正拖着三只驳船。
8 usaxg     
adj.支配的,统治的;占优势的;显性的;n.主因,要素,主要的人(或物);显性基因
参考例句:
  • the british were formerly dominant in india.英国人从前统治印度。
  • she was a dominant figure in the french film industry.她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。
9 bqsxh     
n.高度;海拔;高地;上升;提高
参考例句:
  • the house is at an elevation of 2,000 metres.那幢房子位于海拔两千米的高处。
  • his elevation to the position of general manager was announced yesterday.昨天宣布他晋升总经理职位。
10 rlyzx     
n.速度,速率
参考例句:
  • einstein's theory links energy with mass and velocity of light.爱因斯坦的理论把能量同质量和光速联系起来。
  • the velocity of light is about 300000 kilometres per second.光速约为每秒300000公里。
11 6rvzt     
adj.进行中的,前进的
参考例句:
  • the problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
  • the issues raised in the report relate directly to age concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。
12 9fzz51     
adv.不均匀的
参考例句:
  • fuel resources are very unevenly distributed. 燃料资源分布很不均匀。
  • the cloth is dyed unevenly. 布染花了。
13 bkqzs3     
adv.比较...地,相对地
参考例句:
  • the rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
  • the operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
14 0b0382816fac7dbf94df37906582be8f     
补偿,报酬( compensate的过去式和过去分词 ); 给(某人)赔偿(或赔款)
参考例句:
  • the marvelous acting compensated for the play's weak script. 本剧的精彩表演弥补了剧本的不足。
  • i compensated his loss with money. 我赔偿他经济损失。
15 6eayr     
adj.大气的,空气的;大气层的;大气所引起的
参考例句:
  • sea surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation are strongly coupled.海洋表面温度与大气环流是密切相关的。
  • clouds return radiant energy to the surface primarily via the atmospheric window.云主要通过大气窗区向地表辐射能量。
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