two spanish scientists have designed an
equation（方程式） that provides a highly accurate estimate of an individual's speed based on stride length. they used data from professional athletes and walking and running experiments on a beach in order to come up with the equation. the result has applications in the study of fossil trackways of human footprints. in the spring of 2008, 14
palaeontology（古生物学） students from the complutense university of madrid ran along a beach in asturias (spain) at the request of a planetary
1 who was a friend of their fieldwork director. javier ruiz, from the complutense university of madrid (spain), and his colleague angélica torices, from the university of alberta (canada), just out of curiosity, wanted to check how
2 an individual's speed could be calculated based on their tracks.
the results, published in 2013 in the journal ichnos, show that, without needing any other data such as leg length, they were able to achieve quite a high degree of accuracy, with a
3 of error of 10 to 15%.
"for humans, we are able to calculate speed based on stride length alone with a very good degree of accuracy," javier ruiz said.
the authors
4 their formula to estimate the speed at which the humans were travelling who left the pleistocene era fossil trackways found in the willandra lakes region of australia.
"a previous study had made a very elaborate calculation of their speed but the results were as high as if they had been professional athletes" ruiz explained. his results show a reasonable
5 pace.
in order to come up with their equation, ruiz and torices compared the data obtained in the experiments with the students with data from professional athletes who compete in 100 and 400-metre races.
up to now, the individual's leg length or at least an estimate of the length was required to calculate speed based on tracks. an equation
6 by the british
7 robert mcneil alexander in 1976 was used which he based
8 on data obtained from his children running.
ruiz and torices measured the speed and stride length of the students as they ran along the beach and applied alexander's equation. "the data fit with the equation very well," ruiz explained, "alexander did a good job with very little
9 data but with a large mathematical basis and we have seen empirically that his equation is correct."
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