灵长类动物会模仿同类-凯发k8官网

灵长类动物会模仿同类

文章来源：未知文章作者：enread 发布时间：2013-01-29 08:02 字体： [ ]　

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japanese researchers show for the first time that ¹ modify their body movements to be in ² with others, just like humans do. humans unconsciously modify their movements to be in synchrony with their peers. for example, we adapt our pace to walk in step or clap（拍手，鼓掌） in ³ at the end of a concert. this phenomenon is thought to reflect bonding and facilitate human interaction. researchers from the riken brain science institute report that pairs of macaque monkeys also spontaneously ⁴ their movements to reach synchrony. this research opens the door to much-needed neurophysiological studies of spontaneous ⁵ in monkeys, which could shed light into human behavioral dysfunctions such as those observed in patients with autism ⁶ ⁷, echopraxia（模仿动作） and echolalia（模仿言语） -- where patients uncontrollably imitate others.

in the research, recently published in the journal scientific reports, the team led by naotaka fujii developed an experimental set-up to test whether pairs of japanese macaque monkeys ⁸ a simple push-button movement.

before the experiment, the monkeys were trained to push a button with one hand. in a first experiment the monkeys were paired and placed facing each other and the ⁹ of their push-button movements was recorded. the same experiment was repeated but this time each monkey was shown videos of another monkey pushing a button at varying speeds. and in a last experiment the macaques were not allowed to either see or hear their video-partner.

the results show that the monkeys modified their movements -- increased or decreased the speed of their push-button movement -- to be in synchrony with their partner, both when the partner was real and on video. the speed of the button pressing movement changed to be in harmonic or sub-harmonic synchrony with the partners' speed. however, different pairs of monkeys ¹⁰ differently and reached different speeds, and the monkeys synchronized their movements the most when they could both see and hear their partner.

the researchers note that this behavior cannot have been learnt by the monkeys during the experiment, as previous research has shown that it is extremely difficult for monkeys to learn ¹¹ synchronization.

they add: "the reasons why the monkeys showed behavioral synchronization are not clear. it may be a vital aspect of other socially adaptive behavior, important for survival in the wild."

the study was partly supported by grant-in-aid for scientific research on ¹² areas '¹³ creativity for communication' (22120522 and 24120720) of mext, japan.

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1
primate的复数
参考例句：
primates are alert, inquisitive animals. 灵长目动物是机灵、好奇的动物。 consciousness or cerebration has been said to have emerged in the evolution of higher primates. 据说意识或思考在较高级灵长类的进化中已出现。

2
n.调子；和谐，协调；v.调音，调节，调整
参考例句：
he'd written a tune,and played it to us on the piano.他写了一段曲子，并在钢琴上弹给我们听。 the boy beat out a tune on a tin can.那男孩在易拉罐上敲出一首曲子。

3
n.步调一致，行动一致
参考例句：
the governments acted in unison to combat terrorism.这些国家的政府一致行动对付恐怖主义。 my feelings are in unison with yours.我的感情与你的感情是一致的。

4
adj.同等的，协调的；n.同等者；vt.协作，协调
参考例句：
you must coordinate what you said with what you did.你必须使你的言行一致。 maybe we can coordinate the relation of them.或许我们可以调和他们之间的关系。

5
n.同一时刻；同步；使时间互相一致；同时性
参考例句：
communication record: the function supports synchronization record during the communication process. 通话录音：支持通话过程的同步录音。来自互联网 synchronization is an important problem of digital audio watermarking. 同步性是数字音频水印的一个重要问题。来自互联网

6
n.谱，光谱，频谱；范围，幅度，系列
参考例句：
this is a kind of atomic spectrum.这是一种原子光谱。 we have known much of the constitution of the solar spectrum.关于太阳光谱的构成，我们已了解不少。

7
n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 )；凌乱；骚乱；（身心、机能）失调
参考例句：
reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告，厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。来自《简明英汉词典》 the announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。来自《简明英汉词典》

8
v.使同步 [=synchronise]
参考例句：
the sound on a film must synchronize with the action. 影片中的声音必须与动作配合一致。 you must synchronize your inbox before selecting additional folders. 在选择其他文件夹前，您必须同步您的收件箱。

9
n.时间安排，时间选择
参考例句：
the timing of the meeting is not convenient.会议的时间安排不合适。 the timing of our statement is very opportune.我们发表声明选择的时机很恰当。

10
同步的
参考例句：
do not use the synchronized keyword in managed objects. 不要在管理对象上使用synchronized关键字。来自互联网 the timing of the gun was precisely synchronized with the turning of the plane's propeller. 风门的调速与飞机螺旋桨的转动精确同步。来自辞典例句

11
adj.故意的，有意（识）的
参考例句：
let me assure you that it was not intentional.我向你保证那不是故意的。 his insult was intentional.他的侮辱是有意的。

12
adj.革新的，新颖的，富有革新精神的
参考例句：
discover an innovative way of marketing.发现一个创新的营销方式。 he was one of the most creative and innovative engineers of his generation.他是他那代人当中最富创造性与革新精神的工程师之一。

13
adj.神经的，神经系统的
参考例句：
the neural network can preferably solve the non- linear problem.利用神经网络建模可以较好地解决非线性问题。 the information transmission in neural system depends on neurotransmitters.信息传递的神经途径有赖于神经递质。