气候变化导致颔带企鹅数量下降-凯发k8官网

气候变化导致颔带企鹅数量下降
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2012-11-15 06:07 字体: [ ] 
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the breeding population of chinstrap 2 has declined significantly as temperatures have rapidly warmed on the antarctic peninsula, according to researchers funded in part by the national science foundation (nsf). the study indicates that changing climatic conditions, rather than the impact of tourism, have had the greatest effect on the chinstrap population.
 
ron naveen, 3 of a nonprofit science and conservation organization, oceanites, inc., of chevy chase, md., documented the decline in a paper published in the journal polar biology. naveen and coauthor heather lynch, of 4 5 university, are researchers with the antarctic site 6 (asi).
 
the paper's findings are based on an analysis of data collected during fieldwork conducted in december 2011 at 7 island, one of antarctica's busiest tourist locations.
 
"we now know that two of the three predominant 1 species in the peninsula--chinstrap and adélie--are declining significantly in a region where, in the last 60 years, it's warmed by 3 degrees 9 (5 degrees fahrenheit) 10 and by 5 degrees celsius (9 degrees fahrenheit) in winter," said naveen. "by contrast, gentoo penguins are expanding both in numbers and in range. these divergent responses are an 11 focus of our inventory work effort."
 
the asi has been collecting and 12 antarctic peninsula-wide penguin population data since 1994, and these new findings have important implications both for the 13 of antarctic science and the management of antarctica by the antarctic treaty nations. the united states is a signatory(签约国) to the treaty.
 
the inventory is supported in part by nsf's office of polar programs and also by public contributions. the project's fieldwork at deception island was assisted by a grant from the tinker foundation.
 
through polar programs, nsf carries out its presidential 14 to manage the u.s. antarctic program, which 15 all u.s. research on the southernmost continent and in the southern ocean.
 
asi is the only science project tracking penguin population changes throughout the entire antarctic peninsula region.
 
"our deception island work, using the yacht pelagic as our base, occurred over 12 days and in the harshest of conditions--persistent clouds, precipitation and high winds, the latter sometimes reaching 16 force and requiring a lot of patience waiting out the blows. but, in the end, we achieved the first-ever, one-season survey of all chinstraps breeding on the island," naveen said.
 
there has been 17 that tourism may have a negative impact on breeding chinstrap penguins--especially at deception island's largest chinstrap colony, known as baily head.
 
naveen 18 the deception island 19 effort. lynch, the inventory's chief scientist, undertook subsequent analyses.
 
the results and analyses, according to lynch, shed new light on the massive changes occurring in this region.
 
"our team found 79,849 breeding pairs of chinstrap penguins at deception, including 50,408 breeding pairs at baily head. combined with a simulation designed to capture 20 in an earlier population estimate, there is strong evidence to suggest a significant decline, greater than 50 percent, in the abundance of chinstraps breeding at baily head since 1986-87.
 
"the decline of chinstrap penguins at baily head is consistent with declines in this species throughout the region, including at sites that receive little or no tourism; further, as a consequence of regional environmental changes that currently represent the 8 influence on penguin 21, we cannot ascribe any direct link in this study between chinstrap declines and tourism."


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1 w3jzf     
n.企鹅
参考例句:
  • the penguin is a flightless bird.企鹅是一种不会飞的鸟。
  • he walked with an awkward gait like a penguin.他走路的步子难看得就像企鹅。
2 fc5bf5a50fd6b440a35d113f324c5e75     
n.企鹅( penguin的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • why can penguins live in cold environment? 为什么企鹅能生活在寒冷的环境中? 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • whales, seals, penguins, and turtles have flippers. 鲸、海豹,企鹅和海龟均有鳍形肢。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
3 wigxf     
n.创始者,缔造者
参考例句:
  • he was extolled as the founder of their florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
  • according to the old tradition,romulus was the founder of rome.按照古老的传说,罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。
4 qu1wx     
adj.石头的,多石头的,冷酷的,无情的
参考例句:
  • the ground is too dry and stony.这块地太干,而且布满了石头。
  • he listened to her story with a stony expression.他带着冷漠的表情听她讲经历。
5 psiyg     
n.小河,溪;v.忍受,容让
参考例句:
  • in our room we could hear the murmur of a distant brook.在我们房间能听到远处小溪汩汩的流水声。
  • the brook trickled through the valley.小溪涓涓流过峡谷。
6 04xx7     
n.详细目录,存货清单
参考例句:
  • some stores inventory their stock once a week.有些商店每周清点存货一次。
  • we will need to call on our supplier to get more inventory.我们必须请供应商送来更多存货。
7 vnwzo     
n.欺骗,欺诈;骗局,诡计
参考例句:
  • he admitted conspiring to obtain property by deception.他承认曾与人合谋骗取财产。
  • he was jailed for two years for fraud and deception.他因为诈骗和欺诈入狱服刑两年。
8 usaxg     
adj.支配的,统治的;占优势的;显性的;n.主因,要素,主要的人(或物);显性基因
参考例句:
  • the british were formerly dominant in india.英国人从前统治印度。
  • she was a dominant figure in the french film industry.她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。
9 axrzl     
adj.摄氏温度计的,摄氏的
参考例句:
  • the temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
  • the maximum temperature in july may be 36 degrees celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。
10 vzyzno     
adv.一年一次,每年
参考例句:
  • many migratory birds visit this lake annually.许多候鸟每年到这个湖上作短期逗留。
  • they celebrate their wedding anniversary annually.他们每年庆祝一番结婚纪念日。
11 6rvzt     
adj.进行中的,前进的
参考例句:
  • the problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
  • the issues raised in the report relate directly to age concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。
12 be408cc8d92ec310bb6260bc127c162b     
v.分析;分析( analyze的现在分词 );分解;解释;对…进行心理分析n.分析
参考例句:
  • analyzing the date of some socialist countries presents even greater problem s. 分析某些社会主义国家的统计数据,暴露出的问题甚至更大。 来自辞典例句
  • he undoubtedly was not far off the mark in analyzing its predictions. 当然,他对其预测所作的分析倒也八九不离十。 来自辞典例句
13 tzgzil     
n.前进,促进,提升
参考例句:
  • his new contribution to the advancement of physiology was well appreciated.他对生理学发展的新贡献获得高度赞赏。
  • the aim of a university should be the advancement of learning.大学的目标应是促进学术。
14 sj9yz     
n.托管地;命令,指示
参考例句:
  • the president had a clear mandate to end the war.总统得到明确的授权结束那场战争。
  • the general election gave him no such mandate.大选并未授予他这种权力。
15 8387d77faaaa65484f5631d9f9d20bfc     
n.相配之衣物;坐标( coordinate的名词复数 );(颜色协调的)配套服装;[复数]女套服;同等重要的人(或物)v.使协调,使调和( coordinate的第三人称单数 );协调;协同;成为同等
参考例句:
  • the town coordinates on this map are 695037. 该镇在这幅地图上的坐标是695037。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • the un office for the coordination of humanitarian affairs, headed by the emergency relief coordinator, coordinates all un emergency relief. 联合国人道主义事务协调厅在紧急救济协调员领导下,负责协调联合国的所有紧急救济工作。 来自《简明英汉词典》
16 xf3zd     
n.大风,强风,一阵闹声(尤指笑声等)
参考例句:
  • we got our roof blown off in the gale last night.昨夜的大风把我们的房顶给掀掉了。
  • according to the weather forecast,there will be a gale tomorrow.据气象台预报,明天有大风。
17 9vgwe     
n.思索,沉思;猜测;投机
参考例句:
  • her mind is occupied with speculation.她的头脑忙于思考。
  • there is widespread speculation that he is going to resign.人们普遍推测他要辞职。
18 1175bee226edb4f0a38466d02f3baa27     
v.监督,监视( oversee的过去式 )
参考例句:
  • he will go down as the president who oversaw two historic transitions. 他将作为见证了巴西两次历史性转变的总统,安然引退。 来自互联网
  • dixon oversaw the project as creative director of design research studio. 狄克逊监督项目的创意总监设计研究工作室。 来自互联网
19 arnz5     
n.(官方的)人口调查,人口普查
参考例句:
  • a census of population is taken every ten years.人口普查每10年进行一次。
  • the census is taken one time every four years in our country.我国每四年一次人口普查。
20 nlfwk     
n.易变,靠不住,不确知,不确定的事物
参考例句:
  • her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation.她的批评将会使局势更加不稳定。
  • after six weeks of uncertainty,the strain was beginning to take its toll.6个星期的忐忑不安后,压力开始产生影响了。
21 nuszqq     
n.力学,动力学,动力,原动力;动态
参考例句:
  • in order to succeed,you must master complicated knowledge of dynamics.要取得胜利,你必须掌握很复杂的动力学知识。
  • dynamics is a discipline that cannot be mastered without extensive practice.动力学是一门不做大量习题就不能掌握的学科。
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