史前人类即会使用小型致命武器-凯发k8官网

史前人类即会使用小型致命武器
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2012-11-08 05:20 字体: [ ] 
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on the south coast of south africa, scientists have found evidence for an advanced stone age technology dated to 71,000 years ago at 1 point near mossel bay. this technology, allowing 3(落弹数) to be thrown at greater distance and 4 power, takes hold in other regions of africa and eurasia about 20,000 years ago. when combined with other findings of advanced technologies and evidence for early 5 behavior from this region, the research documents a 6 pattern of behavioral 7 that might signal modern humans evolved in this 8 location. these findings were reported in the article "an early and enduring advanced technology originating 71,000 years ago in south africa" in the november 7 issue of the journal nature.
 
"every time we 9 a new site in coastal south africa with advanced field techniques, we discover new and surprising results that push back in time the evidence for uniquely human behaviors," said co-author curtis marean, project director and arizona state university professor in the institute of human origins, a research center of the college of liberal arts and sciences in the school of human evolution and social change.
 
the reported technology focused on the careful production of long, thin blades of stone that were then blunted(钝的) (called "backing") on one edge so that they could be glued into slots carved in wood or bone. this created light armaments(军备) for use as projectiles, either as arrows in bow and arrow technology, or more likely as spear throwers (atlatls). these provide a significant advantage over hand cast spears, so when faced with a fierce 10 (or competing human), having a 2 weapon of this type increases the killing reach of the hunter and lowers the risk of injury. the stone used to produce these special blades was carefully transformed for easier 11 by a complex process called "heat treatment," a 12 advance also appearing early in coastal south africa and reported by the same research team in 2009.
 
"good things come in small packages," said kyle brown, a skilled stone tool replicator(复制基因) and co-author on the paper, who is an honorary research associate with the university of 13 town, south africa. "when we started to find these very small carefully made tools, we were glad that we had saved and sorted even the smallest of our 14 materials. at sites 15 less carefully, these microliths may have been discarded in the back dirt or never identified in the lab."
 
prior work showed that this microlithic technology appear 16 between 65,000 and 60,000 years ago during a worldwide glacial phase, and then it was thought to vanish, thus showing what many scientists have come to accept as a "17" pattern of advanced technologies in africa. the so-called flickering nature of the pattern was thought to result from small populations struggling during harsh climate phases, inventing technologies, and then losing them due to chance occurrences wiping out the artisans with the special knowledge.
 
"eleven thousand years of continuity is, in reality, an almost unimaginable time span for people to consistently make tools the same way," said marean. "this is certainly not a flickering(闪烁的) pattern."


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 a2mzb     
n.尖塔,尖顶,山峰;(喻)顶峰
参考例句:
  • now he is at the very pinnacle of his career.现在他正值事业中的顶峰时期。
  • it represents the pinnacle of intellectual capability.它代表了智能的顶峰。
2 xrlxv     
n.投射物,发射体;adj.向前开进的;推进的;抛掷的
参考例句:
  • the vertical and horizontal motions of a projectile can be treated independently.抛射体的竖直方向和水平方向的运动能够分开来处理。
  • have you altered the plans of the projectile as the telegram suggests?你已经按照电报的要求修改炮弹图样了吗?
3 4aa229cb02c56b1e854fb2e940e731c5     
n.抛射体( projectile的名词复数 );(炮弹、子弹等)射弹,(火箭等)自动推进的武器
参考例句:
  • these differences are connected with the strong absorption of the composite projectiles. 这些差别与复杂的入射粒子的强烈吸收有关。 来自辞典例句
  • projectiles became more important because cannons could now fire balls over hundreds or yards. 抛射体变得更加重要,因为人们已能用大炮把炮弹射到几百码的距离之外。 来自辞典例句
4 kpbziq     
n.巨额利润;突然赚大钱,发大财
参考例句:
  • investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
  • last week my brother made a killing on wall street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。
5 ergws     
adj.象征性的,符号的,象征主义的
参考例句:
  • it is symbolic of the fighting spirit of modern womanhood.它象征着现代妇女的战斗精神。
  • the christian ceremony of baptism is a symbolic act.基督教的洗礼仪式是一种象征性的做法。
6 bsuzg     
adj.坚持不懈的,执意的;持续的
参考例句:
  • albert had a persistent headache that lasted for three days.艾伯特连续头痛了三天。
  • she felt embarrassed by his persistent attentions.他不时地向她大献殷勤,使她很难为情。
7 ko9z3     
n.复杂(性),复杂的事物
参考例句:
  • only now did he understand the full complexity of the problem.直到现在他才明白这一问题的全部复杂性。
  • the complexity of the road map puzzled me.错综复杂的公路图把我搞糊涂了。
8 wwiyh     
adj.海岸的,沿海的,沿岸的
参考例句:
  • the ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
  • this country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。
9 eibzy     
vt.挖掘,挖出
参考例句:
  • they plan to excavate a large hole.他们计划挖个大洞。
  • a new danish expedition is again excavating the site in annual summer digs.一支新的丹麦探险队又在那个遗址上进行一年一度的夏季挖掘。
10 1sby4     
n.(北美)野牛;(亚洲)水牛
参考例句:
  • asian buffalo isn't as wild as that of america's. 亚洲水牛比美洲水牛温顺些。
  • the boots are made of buffalo hide. 这双靴子是由水牛皮制成的。
11 a682d1b1030727ea5bda416e41040cba     
刨成片,压成片; 盘网
参考例句:
  • he received ointment for his flaking skin. 医生给他开了治疗脱皮的软膏。
  • the paint was flaking off the walls. 油漆从墙上剥落下来。
12 gqiwy     
adj.技术的;工艺的
参考例句:
  • a successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
  • today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今, 随着科技进步,生活节奏不断增快。
13 itey6     
n.海角,岬;披肩,短披风
参考例句:
  • i long for a trip to the cape of good hope.我渴望到好望角去旅行。
  • she was wearing a cape over her dress.她在外套上披着一件披肩。
14 883c93ecd0258e5ab05173c5585a6a9e     
筛,漏勺( sieve的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • add the sieved plain flour, quickly mix well & reheat. 面粉过筛加入后中迅速拌匀后再加热。
  • sand can not be added into the material without being sieved. 没有过筛子的沙子是不能入料的。
15 3cafdb6f7c26ffe41daf7aa353505858     
v.挖掘( excavate的过去式和过去分词 );开凿;挖出;发掘
参考例句:
  • the site has been excavated by archaeologists. 这个遗址已被考古学家发掘出来。
  • the archaeologists excavated an ancient fortress. 考古学家们发掘出一个古堡。 来自《简明英汉词典》
16 9styo     
adv.简单地,简短地
参考例句:
  • i want to touch briefly on another aspect of the problem.我想简单地谈一下这个问题的另一方面。
  • he was kidnapped and briefly detained by a terrorist group.他被一个恐怖组织绑架并短暂拘禁。
17 wjlxa     
adj.闪烁的,摇曳的,一闪一闪的
参考例句:
  • the crisp autumn wind is flickering away. 清爽的秋风正在吹拂。
  • the lights keep flickering. 灯光忽明忽暗。
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