很多行业中规模经济开始向数量经济转换-凯发k8官网

很多行业中规模经济开始向数量经济转换
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2012-11-05 05:23 字体: [ ] 
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
for decades, "bigger is better" has been the conventional path to efficiency in industries ranging from transportation to power generation. food once grown on small family plots now comes overwhelmingly from factory farms. 1 that carried 2,000 tons of 2 have been replaced by modern container ships that routinely move 150,000 tons. but now, new research shows, we are on the cusp(尖端) of a 3(激进的,根本的) shift from building big to building small -- a change that has profound implications for both established and emerging industries. many industry 4 are nearing or have reached a tipping point in which efficiency of unit size is being replaced by efficiency of numbers, according to a recent study by garrett van ryzin, the paul m. montrone professor of private enterprise at columbia business school, 5 göçmen, ph.d. candidate at columbia business school, and eric dahlgren and klaus s. lackner of columbia university's school of engineering and 6 science. rather than relying on custom-built, large-scale units of production -- e.g. massive 7 power plants -- industries can benefit from a shift to small, modular, mass-produced units that can be 8 in a single location or distributed across many locations -- e.g. photovoltaic (pv) panels mounted on utility poles.
 
conventional wisdom holds that capital cost per unit of capacity decline with increasing unit size. other efficiencies of unit size arise from manufacturers' ability to spread out the fixed-costs 9 of production, as well as factors such as operator 10 and design costs. this alternative approach to 11 design offers new possibilities for reducing costs and improving service, the researchers found.
 
the authors identify three driving forces 12 this shift. first, new 13, 14, and communication technologies make high degrees of automation possible at a very low cost, largely eliminating the labor 15 from large units. second, mass production of many small, 16 units can achieve capital cost savings comparable to or even greater than those achievable through large unit scale. and third, small-unit scale technology provides significant 17 -- a benefit that has been largely ignored in the race toward ever-increasing scale and one which can significantly reduce both investment and operating costs.
 
this trend -- observable in 18(初期的) form in several industries ranging from small, modular nuclear 19, chlorine(氯) plants, and biomass energy systems to data centers -- is resulting in a switch from large to small 20 unit scale, the authors found. the shift mirrors a similar revolution that began thirty years ago in the supercomputer industry. the traditional approach to producing higher capacity and greater speed in computing was to build increasingly powerful, 21 machines with ever-increasing processing power. this came to a halt in the mid-1990s, when it became cheaper to employ mass-produced processors and high-capacity memory from the 22 personal computer industry. soon, the researchers conclude, many more industries will learn to "think small" and 23 reap the benefits of this new 24 in production.


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1 fc9307c2593b522954eadb3ee6c57480     
n.血管( vessel的名词复数 );船;容器;(具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的)人
参考例句:
  • the river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • all modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
2 6tcyg     
n.(一只船或一架飞机运载的)货物
参考例句:
  • the ship has a cargo of about 200 ton.这条船大约有200吨的货物。
  • a lot of people discharged the cargo from a ship.许多人从船上卸下货物。
3 ha8zu     
n.激进份子,原子团,根号;adj.根本的,激进的,彻底的
参考例句:
  • the patient got a radical cure in the hospital.病人在医院得到了根治。
  • she is radical in her demands.她的要求十分偏激。
4 218ffb34fa5fb6bc1691e90cd45ad627     
n.部门( sector的名词复数 );领域;防御地区;扇形
参考例句:
  • berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
5 dd506372f8a94d8d2854e475ae30dcd2     
n.藤椅编制工
参考例句:
  • they are trying to reduce the occurrence of caner by 50%. 他们正在设法将癌症的产生率减少百分之五十。 来自互联网
  • these mites carry the caner like picorna-like viruses. 这些瓦螨就携带有类微小核糖核酸病毒。 来自互联网
6 tz2zxa     
adj.应用的;v.应用,适用
参考例句:
  • she plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • this cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
7 8guyc     
adj.热的,由热造成的;保暖的
参考例句:
  • they will build another thermal power station.他们要另外建一座热能发电站。
  • volcanic activity has created thermal springs and boiling mud pools.火山活动产生了温泉和沸腾的泥浆池。
8 4ceaf19fb3d0a70e329fcd3777bb05ea     
(尤指军事行动)使展开( deploy的过去式和过去分词 ); 施展; 部署; 有效地利用
参考例句:
  • tanks have been deployed all along the front line. 沿整个前线已部署了坦克。
  • the artillery was deployed to bear on the fort. 火炮是对着那个碉堡部署的。
9 4725dcf446a342f1473a8228e42dfa48     
(机器、设备等的)构成要素,零件,成分; 成分( component的名词复数 ); [物理化学]组分; [数学]分量; (混合物的)组成部分
参考例句:
  • the components of a machine 机器部件
  • our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。
10 p9tzs     
n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦
参考例句:
  • we are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
  • he was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后,他已经疲惫不堪了。
11 ubbz5     
n.下部构造,下部组织,基础结构,基础设施
参考例句:
  • we should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
  • we should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设,发展各类群众文化。
12 5fyz8c     
adj.在下面的,含蓄的,潜在的
参考例句:
  • the underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
  • this word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。
13 tvbzxs     
n.计算
参考例句:
  • to work in computing 从事信息处理
  • back in the dark ages of computing, in about 1980, they started a software company. 早在计算机尚未普及的时代(约1980年),他们就创办了软件公司。
14 sz7we     
n.传感器,探测设备,感觉器(官)
参考例句:
  • the temperature sensor is enclosed in a protective well.温度传感器密封在保护套管中。
  • he plugged the sensor into a outlet.他把传感器插进电源插座。
15 zjbzgu     
n.存款,储蓄
参考例句:
  • i can't afford the vacation,for it would eat up my savings.我度不起假,那样会把我的积蓄用光的。
  • by this time he had used up all his savings.到这时,他的存款已全部用完。
16 8hhzgs     
adj.标准化的
参考例句:
  • we use standardized tests to measure scholastic achievement. 我们用标准化考试来衡量学生的学业成绩。
  • the parts of an automobile are standardized. 汽车零件是标准化了的。
17 vjpxb     
n.柔韧性,弹性,(光的)折射性,灵活性
参考例句:
  • her great strength lies in her flexibility.她的优势在于她灵活变通。
  • the flexibility of a man's muscles will lessen as he becomes old.人老了肌肉的柔韧性将降低。
18 h6uzz     
adj.初生的,发生中的
参考例句:
  • that slim book showed the chinese intelligentsia and the nascent working class.那本小册子讲述了中国的知识界和新兴的工人阶级。
  • despite a nascent democracy movement,there's little traction for direct suffrage.尽管有过一次新生的民主运动,但几乎不会带来直接选举。
19 774794d45796c1ac60b7fda5e55a878b     
起反应的人( reactor的名词复数 ); 反应装置; 原子炉; 核反应堆
参考例句:
  • the tmi nuclear facility has two reactors. 三哩岛核设施有两个反应堆。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
  • the earliest production reactors necessarily used normal uranium as fuel. 最早为生产用的反应堆,必须使用普通铀作为燃料。
20 zmdzhm     
adj.最适宜的;最理想的;最令人满意的
参考例句:
  • what is the optimal mix of private and public property rights in natural resources?私人和国家的自然资源产权的最适宜的组合是什么?
  • optimal path planning is a key link for the sailing contest.帆船最优行驶路径规划是帆船比赛取胜的关键环节。
21 chuzwe     
adj.专门的,专业化的
参考例句:
  • there are many specialized agencies in the united nations.联合国有许多专门机构。
  • these tools are very specialized.这些是专用工具。
22 f8b25401f10e765adc759ee165d5c1c5     
adj.迅速成长的,迅速发展的v.发芽,抽枝( burgeon的现在分词 );迅速发展;发(芽),抽(枝)
参考例句:
  • our company's business is burgeoning now. 我们公司的业务现在发展很迅速。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • these efforts were insufficient to contain the burgeoning crisis. 这些努力不足以抑制迅速扩散的危机。 来自辞典例句
23 sokwv     
adv.因此,从而
参考例句:
  • i have never been to that city,,ereby i don't know much about it.我从未去过那座城市,因此对它不怎么熟悉。
  • he became a british citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民,因而得到了投票权。
24 c48zj     
n.例子,模范,词形变化表
参考例句:
  • he had become the paradigm of the successful man. 他已经成为成功人士的典范。
  • moreover,the results of this research can be the new learning paradigm for digital design studios.除此之外,本研究的研究成果也可以为数位设计课程建立一个新的学习范例。
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