斯坦福科学家制造出首个全碳太阳能电池-凯发k8官网

斯坦福科学家制造出首个全碳太阳能电池
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2012-11-01 05:49 字体: [ ] 
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
stanford university scientists have built the first solar cell made 1 of carbon, a 2 alternative to the expensive materials used in photovoltaic(光电的) devices today. the results are published in the oct. 31 online edition of the journal acs nano.
 
"carbon has the potential to deliver high performance at a low cost," said study senior author zhenan bao, a professor of chemical engineering at stanford. "to the best of our knowledge, this is the first 3 of a working solar cell that has all of the 5 made of carbon. this study builds on previous work done in our lab."
 
unlike 6 7 solar panels that 8(装饰) many rooftops, stanford's thin film prototype is made of carbon materials that can be coated from solution. "perhaps in the future we can look at alternative markets where flexible carbon solar cells are coated on the surface of buildings, on windows or on cars to generate electricity," bao said.
 
the coating technique also has the potential to reduce manufacturing costs, said stanford graduate student michael vosgueritchian, co-lead author of the study with postdoctoral researcher marc ramuz.
 
"processing silicon-based solar cells requires a lot of steps," vosgueritchian explained. "but our entire device can be built using simple coating methods that don't require expensive tools and machines."
 
carbon nanomaterials
 
the bao group's experimental solar cell consists of a photoactive layer, which absorbs sunlight, sandwiched between two electrodes. in a typical thin film solar cell, the electrodes are made of conductive metals and indium tin 9 (ito). "materials like indium are scarce and becoming more expensive as the demand for solar cells, touchscreen panels and other electronic devices grows," bao said. "carbon, on the other hand, is low cost and earth-abundant."
 
the bao group's all-carbon solar cell consists of a photoactive layer, which absorbs sunlight, sandwiched between two electrodes.
 
for the study, bao and her colleagues replaced the silver and ito used in conventional electrodes with graphene -- sheets of carbon that are one atom thick -and single-walled carbon nanotubes that are 10,000 times narrower than a human hair. "carbon nanotubes have extraordinary electrical conductivity and light-absorption properties," bao said.
 
for the active layer, the scientists used material made of carbon nanotubes and "buckyballs" -- soccer ball-shaped carbon 10 just one nanometer in diameter. the research team recently filed a patent for the entire device.
 
"every 4 in our solar cell, from top to bottom, is made of carbon materials," vosgueritchian said. "other groups have reported making all-carbon solar cells, but they were referring to just the active layer in the middle, not the electrodes."
 
one drawback of the all-carbon prototype is that it primarily absorbs near-infrared 11 of light, contributing to a laboratory efficiency of less than 1 percent -- much lower than commercially available solar cells. "we clearly have a long way to go on efficiency," bao said. "but with better materials and better processing techniques, we expect that the efficiency will go up quite dramatically."


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 entirely     
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地
参考例句:
  • the fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
  • his life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。
2 bkqzsk     
adj.有希望的,有前途的
参考例句:
  • the results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
  • we're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。
3 9waxo     
n.表明,示范,论证,示威
参考例句:
  • his new book is a demonstration of his patriotism.他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。
  • he gave a demonstration of the new technique then and there.他当场表演了这种新的操作方法。
4 epszv     
n.组成部分,成分,元件;adj.组成的,合成的
参考例句:
  • each component is carefully checked before assembly.每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查。
  • blade and handle are the component parts of a knife.刀身和刀柄是一把刀的组成部分。
5 4725dcf446a342f1473a8228e42dfa48     
(机器、设备等的)构成要素,零件,成分; 成分( component的名词复数 ); [物理化学]组分; [数学]分量; (混合物的)组成部分
参考例句:
  • the components of a machine 机器部件
  • our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。
6 jdpyf     
adj.严格的,死板的;刚硬的,僵硬的
参考例句:
  • she became as rigid as adamant.她变得如顽石般的固执。
  • the examination was so rigid that nearly all aspirants were ruled out.考试很严,几乎所有的考生都被淘汰了。
7 dykwj     
n.硅(旧名矽)
参考例句:
  • this company pioneered the use of silicon chip.这家公司开创了使用硅片的方法。
  • a chip is a piece of silicon about the size of a postage stamp.芯片就是一枚邮票大小的硅片。
8 pydzz     
vt.使美化,装饰
参考例句:
  • she loved to adorn herself with finery.她喜欢穿戴华丽的服饰。
  • his watercolour designs adorn a wide range of books.他的水彩设计使许多图书大为生色。
9 k4dz8     
n.氧化物
参考例句:
  • oxide is usually seen in our daily life.在我们的日常生活中氧化物很常见。
  • how can you get rid of this oxide coating?你们该怎样除去这些氧化皮?
10 187c25e49d45ad10b2f266c1fa7a8d49     
分子( molecule的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • the structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。
  • inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里,大分子裂变为小分子。
11 55c7c1db2849f4af018e7824d42c3ff2     
n.波长( wavelength的名词复数 );具有相同的/不同的思路;合拍;不合拍
参考例句:
  • i find him difficult to talk to—we're on completely different wavelengths. 我没法和他谈话,因为我们俩完全不对路。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • sunlight consists of different wavelengths of radiation. 阳光由几种不同波长的射线组成。 来自辞典例句
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