猴子在交配时会避开旁观者-凯发k8官网

猴子在交配时会避开旁观者

文章来源：未知文章作者：enread 发布时间：2012-10-31 05:46 字体： [ ]　

(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

monkeys shy away from bystanders during copulation（交配）, irrespective of the bystanders' ¹ or rank. the new study, by anne overduin -- de vries and her team from the biomedical ² research centre in the netherlands, also suggests that sneaky（暗中的） sex is opportunistic rather than a tactical ⁴（欺骗） i.e. ⁵ hiding of sexual behavior. their work is published online in springer's journal, behavioral ecology and sociobiology.

sexual competition is highly prevalent in multi-male, multi-female primate groups and may lead to copulations in the absence of ⁶ bystanders. what is unclear is whether this avoidance of bystanders, so-called sneaky copulation, is the result of tactical deception or more simply chance encounters when competitors are absent.

the authors observed the sexual ⁷ of a group of 27 long-tailed macaques living at the biomedical primate research centre in the netherlands. they looked at which individuals put others off sex and whether this inhibition was linked to the bystander's interfering behavior, sex, or rank. they also observed whether the monkeys adjusted how often they ⁹ copulation depending on the presence of potentially ¹¹ bystanders. lastly, the authors were interested in whether those involved in ³ copulations separated themselves from the rest of the group ¹² in a tactical way.

they found that both males and females can ¹⁰ copulating partners; both ⁸ the sexual behavior of their group members. moreover, both sexes adjusted their own sexual behavior by ¹³ copulations less often in the presence of potentially disrupting bystanders. these bystander effects express male-male competition and female-female competition, both of which are important factors in the sexual dynamics of long- tailed macaques.

in terms of the motivation behind sneaky copulations, the authors found no evidence of tactical deception. rather, it appears that long-tailed macaque males and females copulate sneakily because they exploit the ¹⁴（外围的，次要的） position of non-alpha males i.e. mate with males positioned on the outside of the group.

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收听单词发音

1
n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性
参考例句：
french differs from english in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。 women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

2
n.灵长类（目）动物，首席主教；adj.首要的
参考例句：
14 percent of primate species are highly endangered.14%的灵长类物种处于高度濒危状态。 the woolly spider monkey is the largest primate in the americas.绒毛蛛猴是美洲最大的灵长类动物。

3
vt.潜行(隐藏,填石缝)；偷偷摸摸做；n.潜行；adj.暗中进行
参考例句：
he raised his spear and sneak forward.他提起长矛悄悄地前进。 i saw him sneak away from us.我看见他悄悄地从我们身边走开。

4
n.欺骗，欺诈；骗局，诡计
参考例句：
he admitted conspiring to obtain property by deception.他承认曾与人合谋骗取财产。 he was jailed for two years for fraud and deception.他因为诈骗和欺诈入狱服刑两年。

5
adj.故意的，有意（识）的
参考例句：
let me assure you that it was not intentional.我向你保证那不是故意的。 his insult was intentional.他的侮辱是有意的。

6
adj. 妨碍的动词interfere的现在分词
参考例句：
he's an interfering old busybody! 他老爱管闲事！ i wish my mother would stop interfering and let me make my own decisions. 我希望我母亲不再干预，让我自己拿主意。

7
n.力学，动力学，动力，原动力；动态
参考例句：
in order to succeed,you must master complicated knowledge of dynamics.要取得胜利，你必须掌握很复杂的动力学知识。 dynamics is a discipline that cannot be mastered without extensive practice.动力学是一门不做大量习题就不能掌握的学科。

8
vt.阻止，妨碍，抑制
参考例句：
don't let ego and greed inhibit clear thinking and hard work.不要让自我和贪婪妨碍清晰的思维和刻苦的工作。 they passed a law to inhibit people from parking in the street.他们通过一项法令以阻止人们在街上停车。

9
v.恳求( solicit的过去式和过去分词 )；（指娼妇）拉客；索求；征求
参考例句：
he's already solicited their support on health care reform. 他已就医疗改革问题请求他们的支持。来自辞典例句 we solicited ideas from princeton university graduates and under graduates. 我们从普林斯顿大学的毕业生与大学生中征求意见。来自辞典例句

10
vt.使烦恼，折磨，骚扰
参考例句：
our mission is to harass the landing of the main japaness expeditionary force.我们的任务是骚乱日本远征军主力的登陆。 they received the order to harass the enemy's rear.他们接到骚扰敌人后方的命令。

11
v.侵扰，骚扰( harass的现在分词 )；不断攻击（敌人）
参考例句：
the court ordered him to stop harassing his ex-wife. 法庭命令他不得再骚扰前妻。来自《简明英汉词典》 it was too close to be merely harassing fire. 打得这么近，不能完全是扰乱射击。来自辞典例句

12
ad.故意地，有意地
参考例句：
i didn't say it intentionally. 我是无心说的。 the local authority ruled that he had made himself intentionally homeless and was therefore not entitled to be rehoused. 当地政府裁定他是有意居无定所，因此没有资格再获得提供住房。

13
v.恳求( solicit的现在分词 )；（指娼妇）拉客；索求；征求
参考例句：
a prostitute was soliciting on the street. 一名妓女正在街上拉客。来自《简明英汉词典》 china daily is soliciting subscriptions. 《中国日报》正在征求订户。来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

14
adj.周边的，外围的
参考例句：
we dealt with the peripheral aspects of a cost reduction program.我们谈到了降低成本计划的一些外围问题。 the hotel provides the clerk the service and the peripheral traveling consultation.旅舍提供票务服务和周边旅游咨询。