基因对蛋白质形成有重要作用-凯发k8官网

基因对蛋白质形成有重要作用
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2012-10-09 06:43 字体: [ ] 
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scientists at the gladstone institutes have mapped the precise frequency by which 2 get turned on across the human genome, providing new insight into the most fundamental of 3 processes -- and revealing new clues as to what happens when this process goes 4. in a study being published this week online in the 5 of the national academy of sciences, gladstone 6 leor weinberger, phd, and his research team describe how a 1's on-and-off switching -- called "bursting" -- is the predominant method by which genes make proteins. by gaining an understanding of this 7 8, this discovery has the potential to vastly help researchers learn what happens at the 9 level when this mechanism is disrupted -- such as in cancer or when exposed to a particular drug.
 
the manufacture, or synthesis, of proteins takes place inside every cell. 10 and genes -- which house the instructions for making proteins -- are stored within the 11 of each cell. when a gene is switched on, those instructions are 12 as a copy onto rna, another type of 13 material that then directs the protein synthesis. proteins perform a variety of functions within the cell -- from the breaking down and digesting fats to resisting foreign 14, such as bacteria or viruses. the 15 and frequency with which a particular protein is synthesized is crucial to maintaining the health of the cell.
 
"much like 16 on a light switch, genes get 'switched on' at specific 17 to 18 the fundamental biological process of protein synthesis," said dr. weinberger, who is also an associate professor at the university of california, san francisco (ucsf), with which gladstone is 19. "until recently, the process was thought to be continuous -- once a gene is switched on, it stays on, churning out protein products at a steady pace like a garden hose. but recently, some studies have suggested the opposite -- that dna produces rna 20 in rapid-fire 'staccato' bursts. we 21 to investigate how common this rapid-fire bursting was across the genome."
 
in laboratory experiments, dr. weinberger and his team inserted a green 22(荧光的) protein, or "vector," into the dna of jurkat t lymphocytes -- a type of white blood cell that helps maintain a healthy human immune system. from this they generated new cells in which the vector was integrated into any one of thousands of gene segments -- with each segment glowing green when it was 23, or "switched on." this allowed the researchers to see exactly how gene 24 occurred across the entire human genome.
 
"our analysis reveals support for the "bursting" hypothesis -- the genes acted as a sort of strobe light -- 25 rna in rapid-fire bursts," said roy dar, phd, a gladstone postdoctoral fellow and one of the paper's lead authors. "we observed that the bursting frequency increases until, over time, it reaches a particular threshold. at that point higher protein levels are reached by increasing the size of the bursts, eventually coming to a halt when no more protein product is needed. these results are a huge step towards understanding the basic molecular mechanism behind gene regulation."
 
"dr. weinberger and colleagues have shown that there is a single rule governing the behavior of all genes in the genome. their findings in human cells 26 and extend similar findings made recently in other organisms," said arjun raj, phd, assistant professor of bioengineering at the university of pennsylvania and an expert in imaging single molecules within cells.
 
the team believes that this new-found understanding of this fundamental biological process -- that genomic bursts account for the majority of instances of protein production -- holds clues to discovering how the disruption of these bursts could be harmful.


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1 wgkxx     
n.遗传因子,基因
参考例句:
  • a single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
  • the targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。
2 01914f8eac35d7e14afa065217edd8c0     
n.基因( gene的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • you have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因,所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
3 au1yo     
adj.移动的;细胞的,由细胞组成的
参考例句:
  • she has a cellular telephone in her car.她的汽车里有一部无线通讯电话机。
  • many people use cellular materials as sensitive elements in hygrometers.很多人用蜂窝状的材料作为测量温度的传感元件。
4 mu0ze     
adj.扭曲的,错的
参考例句:
  • she was in a fury over a plan that had gone awry. 计划出了问题,她很愤怒。
  • something has gone awry in our plans.我们的计划出差错了。
5 wk2zvx     
n.进程,过程,议程;诉讼(程序);公报
参考例句:
  • he was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
  • to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼
6 zrqzo     
n.研究者,调查者,审查者
参考例句:
  • he was a special investigator for the fbi.他是联邦调查局的特别调查员。
  • the investigator was able to deduce the crime and find the criminal.调查者能够推出犯罪过程并锁定罪犯。
7 5fyz8c     
adj.在下面的,含蓄的,潜在的
参考例句:
  • the underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
  • this word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。
8 zcwxr     
n.机械装置;机构,结构
参考例句:
  • the bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
  • the mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。
9 me9xh     
adj.分子的;克分子的
参考例句:
  • the research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms.这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。
  • for the pressure to become zero, molecular bombardment must cease.当压强趋近于零时,分子的碰撞就停止了。
10 4u3z1l     
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
参考例句:
  • dna is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
  • gene mutations are alterations in the dna code.基因突变是指dna密码的改变。
11 avsyg     
n.核,核心,原子核
参考例句:
  • these young people formed the nucleus of the club.这些年轻人成了俱乐部的核心。
  • these councils would form the nucleus of a future regime.这些委员会将成为一个未来政权的核心。
12 2f9e3c34adbe5528ff14427d7ed17557     
(用不同的录音手段)转录( transcribe的过去式和过去分词 ); 改编(乐曲)(以适应他种乐器或声部); 抄写; 用音标标出(声音)
参考例句:
  • he transcribed two paragraphs from the book into his notebook. 他把书中的两段抄在笔记本上。
  • every telephone conversation will be recorded and transcribed. 所有电话交谈都将被录音并作全文转写。
13 pgixp     
adj.遗传的,遗传学的
参考例句:
  • it's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
  • each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
14 5f4b502b53eb551c767b8cce3965af9f     
入侵者,侵略者,侵入物( invader的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • they prepared to repel the invaders. 他们准备赶走侵略军。
  • the family has traced its ancestry to the norman invaders. 这个家族将自己的世系追溯到诺曼征服者。
15 rguzgc     
n.时间安排,时间选择
参考例句:
  • the timing of the meeting is not convenient.会议的时间安排不合适。
  • the timing of our statement is very opportune.我们发表声明选择的时机很恰当。
16 856751237583a36a24c558b09c2a932a     
(尤指用手指或手快速地)轻击( flick的现在分词 ); (用…)轻挥; (快速地)按开关; 向…笑了一下(或瞥了一眼等)
参考例句:
  • he helped her up before flicking the reins. 他帮她上马,之后挥动了缰绳。
  • there's something flicking around my toes. 有什么东西老在叮我的脚指头。
17 f46c9d8b430e8c86dea610ec56b7cbef     
n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 );间隔时间;[数学]区间;(戏剧、电影或音乐会的)幕间休息
参考例句:
  • the forecast said there would be sunny intervals and showers. 预报间晴,有阵雨。
  • meetings take place at fortnightly intervals. 每两周开一次会。
18 z6hxz     
vt.开始,创始,发动;启蒙,使入门;引入
参考例句:
  • a language teacher should initiate pupils into the elements of grammar.语言老师应该把基本语法教给学生。
  • they wanted to initiate a discussion on economics.他们想启动一次经济学讨论。
19 78057fb733c9c93ffbdc5f0ed15ef458     
adj. 附属的, 有关连的
参考例句:
  • the hospital is affiliated with the local university. 这家医院附属于当地大学。
  • all affiliated members can vote. 所有隶属成员都有投票权。
20 187c25e49d45ad10b2f266c1fa7a8d49     
分子( molecule的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • the structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。
  • inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里,大分子裂变为小分子。
21 lvqzzd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • this gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • there is a decided difference between british and chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
22 zz2y3     
adj.荧光的,发出荧光的
参考例句:
  • they observed the deflections of the particles by allowing them to fall on a fluorescent screen.他们让粒子落在荧光屏上以观察他们的偏移。
  • this fluorescent lighting certainly gives the food a peculiar color.这萤光灯当然增添了食物特别的色彩。
23 c3905c37f4127686d512a7665206852e     
adj. 激活的 动词activate的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • the canister is filled with activated charcoal.蒸气回收罐中充满了活性炭。
24 24eed33ee38027d124839f0fcdf6adcb     
n. 激活,催化作用
参考例句:
  • a computer controls the activation of an air bag.电脑控制着气囊的启动。
25 9e8eef96caa991ed909d7b3157447fe1     
(用不同的录音手段)转录( transcribe的现在分词 ); 改编(乐曲)(以适应他种乐器或声部); 抄写; 用音标标出(声音)
参考例句:
  • they continue to remove molecules until the cell stops transcribing the gene. 他们继续除去分子,直到细胞不再转录基因为止。
  • q: can i use voice-to-text software to help with the transcribing? 问:我能使用声音-到-本文的软件帮助转换吗?
26 zbtyz     
n.补足物,船上的定员;补语;vt.补充,补足
参考例句:
  • the two suggestions complement each other.这两条建议相互补充。
  • they oppose each other also complement each other.它们相辅相成。
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