人工智能鉴别变异蠕虫的细微差别-凯发k8官网

人工智能鉴别变异蠕虫的细微差别
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2012-08-20 03:27 字体: [ ] 
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research into the 1 factors behind certain disease 2, illness progression and response to new drugs is frequently carried out using tiny multi-cellular animals such as nematodes(线虫), fruit flies or zebra fish. often, progress relies on the 3 visual examination of many individual animals to detect mutants 4 of further study. now, scientists have demonstrated an 5 system that uses artificial intelligence and cutting-edge image processing to rapidly examine large numbers of individual caenorhabditis elegans, a species of nematode widely used in biological research. beyond replacing existing manual examination steps using microfluidics and automated hardware, the system's ability to detect subtle differences from worm-to-worm -- without human 6 -- can identify genetic mutations that might not have been detected otherwise.
 
by allowing thousands of worms to be examined 7(独立自主地) in a fraction of the time required for conventional manual screening, the technique could change the way that high throughput genetic screening is carried out using c. elegans.
 
details of the research were scheduled to be reported august 19th in the advance online publication of the journal nature methods. the research has been supported by the national institutes of health (nih), the national science foundation (nsf) and the alfred p. sloan foundation.
 
"while humans are very good at pattern recognition, computers are much better than humans at detecting subtle differences, such as small changes in the location of dots or slight variations in the brightness of an image," said hang lu, the project's lead researcher and an associate professor in the school of chemical & biomolecular engineering at the georgia institute of technology. "this technique found differences that would have been almost impossible to pick out by hand."
 
lu's research team is studying 8 that affect the formation and development of 9 in the worms, work that could have implications for understanding human brain development. the researchers use a model in which synapses of specific neurons are labeled by a 10(荧光的) protein. their research involves creating mutations in the genomes of thousands of worms and examining the resulting changes in the synapses. mutant worms identified in this way are studied further to help understand what genes may have caused the changes in the synapses.
 
one aspect the researchers are studying is why synapses form in the wrong locations, or are of the wrong sizes or types. the differences between the mutants and the normal or "wild type" worms indicate inappropriate developmental patterns caused by the genetic mutations.
 
because of the large number of possible genes involved in these developmental processes, the researchers must examine thousands of worms -- perhaps as many as 100,000 -- to exhaust the search. lu and her research group had earlier developed a microfluidic "worm sorter" that speeds up the process of examining worms under a microscope, but until now, there were two options for detecting the mutants: a human had to look at each animal, or a simple heuristic algorithm(启发式算法) was used to make the sorting decision. neither option is objective or 11 to new problems.
 
lu's system, an 12 version of earlier work by her group, uses a camera to record three-dimensional images of each worm as it passes through the sorter. the system compares each image set against what it has been taught the "wild type" worms should look like. worms that are even subtly different from normal can be sorted out for further study.


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1 pgixp     
adj.遗传的,遗传学的
参考例句:
  • it's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
  • each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
2 d0db71d70348ef1c49f05f59097917b8     
n.机械( mechanism的名词复数 );机械装置;[生物学] 机制;机械作用
参考例句:
  • the research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms. 这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • he explained how the two mechanisms worked. 他解释这两台机械装置是如何工作的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
3 ndrxq     
adj.微小的,细微的,极小的,显微的
参考例句:
  • it's impossible to read his microscopic handwriting.不可能看清他那极小的书写字迹。
  • a plant's lungs are the microscopic pores in its leaves.植物的肺就是其叶片上微细的气孔。
4 vftwb     
adj.(of)值得的,配得上的;有价值的
参考例句:
  • i did not esteem him to be worthy of trust.我认为他不值得信赖。
  • there occurred nothing that was worthy to be mentioned.没有值得一提的事发生。
5 fybzf9     
a.自动化的
参考例句:
  • the entire manufacturing process has been automated. 整个生产过程已自动化。
  • automated highway system (ahs) is recently regarded as one subsystem of intelligent transport system (its). 近年来自动公路系统(automated highway system,ahs),作为智能运输系统的子系统之一越来越受到重视。
6 e5sxz     
n.介入,干涉,干预
参考例句:
  • the government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
  • many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。
7 7d7df118f987129bac059bd8fe8107ed     
adv. 自律地,自治地
参考例句:
  • to learn autonomously in the network environment is totally new to students. 基于网络环境下的自主学习对学生来说,是一种全新的学习方式。
  • the qc-rs can operate autonomously or by remote control. qc-rs能实现自动操作或通过遥控来操作。
8 01914f8eac35d7e14afa065217edd8c0     
n.基因( gene的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • you have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因,所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
9 866e8ec5e7e57c04ff0daa7921c4d2a5     
n.(神经元的)突触( synapse的名词复数 );染色体结合( synapsis的名词复数 );联会;突触;(神经元的)触处
参考例句:
  • nerve cells communicate with one another at the synapses, where their membranes almost touch. 神经细胞在突触部位彼此沟通,在这里它们的膜几乎接触到一起了。 来自辞典例句
  • glutamatergic synapses are common excitatory chemical connections in mammalian central nervous system. 谷氨酸性突触是哺乳动物神经系统的主要兴奋性突触。 来自互联网
10 zz2y3     
adj.荧光的,发出荧光的
参考例句:
  • they observed the deflections of the particles by allowing them to fall on a fluorescent screen.他们让粒子落在荧光屏上以观察他们的偏移。
  • this fluorescent lighting certainly gives the food a peculiar color.这萤光灯当然增添了食物特别的色彩。
11 vjdyi     
adj.能适应的,适应性强的,可改编的
参考例句:
  • he is an adaptable man and will soon learn the new work.他是个适应性很强的人,很快就将学会这种工作。
  • the soil is adaptable to the growth of peanuts.这土壤适宜于花生的生长。
12 81c61ac8ff2adb570ce4c7e7dfed59bd     
adj.最佳化的,(使)最优化的v.使最优化,使尽可能有效( optimize的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • we are often asked whether consumer web sites should be optimized for beginners or intermediates. 我们常常被问到这样的问题:消费类网站究竟应该为新手而优化,还是应该为中间用户而优化? 来自about face 3交互设计精髓
  • google advertising optimized sequence, greatly increasing the advertising effect. 优化了google广告位排列顺序,大大增加了广告效果。 来自互联网
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