小火山爆发能使气候变凉爽-凯发k8官网

小火山爆发能使气候变凉爽
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2012-07-06 05:51 字体: [ ] 
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

a u of s-led international research team has discovered that 2(气溶胶) from 3 small 4 6 can be boosted into the high atmosphere by weather systems such as 8(季风) , where they can affect global temperatures. the research appears in the july 6 issue of the journal science. adam bourassa, from the u of s institute of space and 9 studies, led the research. he explains that until now it was thought that a massively energetic 5 was needed to inject aerosols past the troposphere(对流层) , the turbulent atmospheric layer closest to earth, into the stable layers of the stratosphere(同温层) higher up.

"if an 1 is in the lower atmosphere, it's 10 by the weather and it 11 back down right away," bourassa says. "once it reaches the stratosphere, it can persist for years, and with that kind of a sustained lifetime, it can really have a 12 effect." that effect is the 13 of incoming sunlight and the potential to cool earth's surface.

for example, the massive eruption of mount pinatubo in the philippines in 1991 temporarily dropped temperatures by half a degree 14 world-wide.

the research team includes scientists from the u of s, rutgers university in new 15, the national centre for atmospheric research in colorado, and the university of wyoming. they looked at the june 2011 eruption of the nabro volcano in eritrea in northeast africa. wind carried the volcanic gas and aerosol -- minute 16 of sulfuric acid -- into the path of the annual asian summer 7.

the stratosphere's calm layers are high -- from 10 km up at the poles to 17 km altitude at the equator(赤道) -- and it was thought storms could not pierce it. for example, the 17 18 "19" shape at the top of large thunderstorms is created as the storm pushes against the stratosphere.

dust from the nabro volcano, being slightly heavier, settled out, but the monsoon 20 volcanic gas and the 21 liquid droplets into the stratosphere where they were detected by the canadian space agency's osiris instrument aboard the swedish satellite odin. the nabro volcano caused the largest stratospheric aerosol load ever recorded by osiris in its more than 10 years of flight.

osiris, designed in part at the u of s, is used to study the upper atmosphere, particularly the 22 layer and atmospheric aerosols. originally intended for a two-year mission, the instrument has been functioning flawlessly since its launch in 2001. it circles earth from pole to pole once every hour and a half, downloading fresh data to the analysis centre at the u of s campus.



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1 wfayf     
n.悬浮尘粒,气溶胶,烟雾剂,喷雾器
参考例句:
  • they sprayed aerosol insect repellent into the faces of police.他们将喷雾驱虫剂喷在了警察的脸上。
  • aerosol particles affect visibility,climate,and our health and quality of life.气溶胶对大气能见度、气候变化以及人类健康等有重要影响。
2 a9c7ea700e36caa4c48a8c693762372f     
n.气溶胶( aerosol的名词复数 );喷雾剂;(气体中的)浮粒;喷雾器
参考例句:
  • aerosols are present throughout the atmosphere. 气溶胶存在于整个大气层。 来自辞典例句
  • deodorants are available as aerosols or roll-ons. 除臭剂有喷雾装或滚抹装。 来自辞典例句
3 bkqzs3     
adv.比较...地,相对地
参考例句:
  • the rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
  • the operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
4 blgzq     
adj.火山的;象火山的;由火山引起的
参考例句:
  • there have been several volcanic eruptions this year.今年火山爆发了好几次。
  • volcanic activity has created thermal springs and boiling mud pools.火山活动产生了温泉和沸腾的泥浆池。
5 uomxv     
n.火山爆发;(战争等)爆发;(疾病等)发作
参考例句:
  • the temple was destroyed in the violent eruption of 1470 bc.庙宇在公元前1470年猛烈的火山爆发中摧毁了。
  • the eruption of a volcano is spontaneous.火山的爆发是自发的。
6 ca60b8eba3620efa5cdd7044f6dd0b66     
n.喷发,爆发( eruption的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • there have been several volcanic eruptions this year. 今年火山爆发了好几次。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • over 200 people have been killed by volcanic eruptions. 火山喷发已导致200多人丧生。 来自辞典例句
7 261zf     
n.季雨,季风,大雨
参考例句:
  • the monsoon rains started early this year.今年季雨降雨开始得早。
  • the main climate type in that region is monsoon.那个地区主要以季风气候为主要气候类型。
8 49fbaf0154b5cc6509d1ad6ed488f7d5     
n.(南亚、尤指印度洋的)季风( monsoon的名词复数 );(与季风相伴的)雨季;(南亚地区的)雨季
参考例句:
  • in ban-gladesh, the monsoons have started. 在孟加拉,雨季已经开始了。 来自辞典例句
  • the coastline significantly influences the monsoons in two other respects. 海岸线在另外两个方面大大地影响季风。 来自辞典例句
9 6eayr     
adj.大气的,空气的;大气层的;大气所引起的
参考例句:
  • sea surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation are strongly coupled.海洋表面温度与大气环流是密切相关的。
  • clouds return radiant energy to the surface primarily via the atmospheric window.云主要通过大气窗区向地表辐射能量。
10 tzuzg0     
adj.不自然的,假装的
参考例句:
  • she showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • his manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
11 e830548bc11fe12d5fa66bfa716886b7     
v.(突如其来地)使发生( precipitate的第三人称单数 );促成;猛然摔下;使沉淀
参考例句:
  • water precipitates camphor from its alcoholic solution. 水能把樟脑从其酒精溶液中淀析出来。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • precipitates are usually collected by centrifugation at intervals. 常常是用离心法分段收集沉淀的。 来自辞典例句
12 ipcz02     
adj.永久的,永恒的;vbl.持续,维持
参考例句:
  • the lasting war debased the value of the dollar.持久的战争使美元贬值。
  • we hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles.我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。
13 91b52389e84f945a976e96cd577a4e0c     
n.[物]散射;散乱,分散;在媒介质中的散播adj.散乱的;分散在不同范围的;广泛扩散的;(选票)数量分散的v.散射(scatter的ing形式);散布;驱散
参考例句:
  • the child felle into a rage and began scattering its toys about. 这孩子突发狂怒,把玩具扔得满地都是。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • the farmers are scattering seed. 农夫们在播种。 来自《简明英汉词典》
14 axrzl     
adj.摄氏温度计的,摄氏的
参考例句:
  • the temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
  • the maximum temperature in july may be 36 degrees celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。
15 lp5zzo     
n.运动衫
参考例句:
  • he wears a cotton jersey when he plays football.他穿运动衫踢足球。
  • they were dressed alike in blue jersey and knickers.他们穿着一致,都是蓝色的运动衫和灯笼短裤。
16 3c55b5988da2d40be7a87f6b810732d2     
n.小滴( droplet的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • droplets of sweat were welling up on his forehead. 他额头上冒出了滴滴汗珠。 来自辞典例句
  • in constrast, exhaled smoke contains relatively large water droplets and appears white. 相反,从人嘴里呼出的烟则包含相当大的水滴,所以呈白色。 来自辞典例句
17 es5xr     
adj.特别的,有特色的,与众不同的
参考例句:
  • she has a very distinctive way of walking.她走路的样子与别人很不相同。
  • this bird has several distinctive features.这个鸟具有几种突出的特征。
18 1d5d9fedd9ab44a19d9f30a0b81f79a8     
[医](水)平扁的,弄平的
参考例句:
  • she flattened her nose and lips against the window. 她把鼻子和嘴唇紧贴着窗户。
  • i flattened myself against the wall to let them pass. 我身体紧靠着墙让他们通过。
19 hvxzh     
n.铁钻
参考例句:
  • the blacksmith shaped a horseshoe on his anvil.铁匠在他的铁砧上打出一个马蹄形。
  • the anvil onto which the staples are pressed was not assemble correctly.订书机上的铁砧安装错位。
20 f80751f3da348dd551ebe7faacda3f0e     
击、踢、掷高弧球( loft的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • he was lofted to a new job. 他升迁到新职位。
  • they measured and lofted the remainder of the crop. 他们把剩下的庄稼过了秤并贮藏在阁楼顶层。
21 5ppzpr     
n.打火机,点火器;驳船;v.用驳船运送;light的比较级
参考例句:
  • the portrait was touched up so as to make it lighter.这张画经过润色,色调明朗了一些。
  • the lighter works off the car battery.引燃器利用汽车蓄电池打火。
22 omqzbe     
n.臭氧,新鲜空气
参考例句:
  • the ozone layer is a protective layer around the planet earth.臭氧层是地球的保护层。
  • the capacity of ozone can adjust according of requirement.臭氧的产量可根据需要或调节。
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