蜜蜂感染病菌时会“自我治疗”-凯发k8官网

蜜蜂感染病菌时会“自我治疗”
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2012-04-01 02:47 字体: [ ] 
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research from north carolina state university shows that honey bees "self-medicate" when their colony is infected with a harmful 1, bringing in increased amounts of antifungal plant 3(树脂) to 4 off the pathogen. "the colony is willing to 5 the energy and effort of its worker bees to collect these resins," says dr. michael simone-finstrom, a postdoctoral research scholar in nc state's department of entomology and lead author of a paper describing the research. "so, clearly this behavior has evolved because the benefit to the colony exceeds the cost."

wild honey bees normally line their hives with propolis(蜂胶) , a mixture of plant resins and wax that has antifungal and antibacterial properties. 6 honey bees also use propolis, to fill in cracks in their hives. however, researchers found that, when faced with a fungal threat, bees bring in significantly more propolis -- 45 percent more, on average. the bees also 7 removed infected 8(幼虫) that had been parasitized by the fungus and were being used to create fungal 9.

researchers know propolis is an effective antifungal agent because they lined some hives with a propolis extract and found that the extract significantly reduced the rate of infection.

and 10 bees can sometimes distinguish harmful 11 from harmless ones, since colonies did not bring in increased amounts of propolis when infected with harmless fungal species. instead, the colonies relied on physically removing the spores.

however, the self-medicating behavior does have limits. honey bee colonies infected with pathogenic bacteria did not bring in significantly more propolis -- despite the fact that the propolis also has antibacterial properties. "there was a slight increase, but it was not 12 significant," simone-finstrom says. "that is something we plan to follow up on."

there may be a lesson here for domestic beekeepers. "historically, u.s. beekeepers preferred colonies that used less of this 2, because it is sticky and can be difficult to work with," simone-finstrom says. "now we know that this is a characteristic worth promoting, because it seems to offer the bees some natural 13."



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1 gzryi     
n.真菌,真菌类植物
参考例句:
  • mushrooms are a type of fungus.蘑菇是一种真菌。
  • this fungus can just be detected by the unaided eye.这种真菌只用肉眼就能检查出。
2 bcqyy     
n.树脂,松香,树脂制品;vt.涂树脂
参考例句:
  • this allyl type resin is a highly transparent, colourless material.这种烯丙基型的树脂是一种高度透明的、无色材料。
  • this is referred to as a thixotropic property of the resin.这种特性叫做树脂的触变性。
3 195c2fd3dde9bead29b25921f0c31602     
n.树脂,松香( resin的名词复数 );合成树脂v.树脂,松香( resin的第三人称单数 );合成树脂
参考例句:
  • the resins were used to turn out millions of helmet liners. 用这类树脂生产了成百万只钢盔内衬。 来自辞典例句
  • cheapness is one of the main attractions of polyester resins. 廉价是聚酯树脂受到欢迎的主要原因之一。 来自辞典例句
4 lhbwy     
n.守卫,监护,病房,行政区,由监护人或法院保护的人(尤指儿童);vt.守护,躲开
参考例句:
  • the hospital has a medical ward and a surgical ward.这家医院有内科病房和外科病房。
  • during the evening picnic,i'll carry a torch to ward off the bugs.傍晚野餐时,我要点根火把,抵挡蚊虫。
5 fmwx6     
vt.花费,消费,消耗
参考例句:
  • don't expend all your time on such a useless job.不要把时间消耗在这种无用的工作上。
  • they expend all their strength in trying to climb out.他们费尽全力想爬出来。
6 lu2zbm     
adj.喜欢家庭生活的;(指动物)被驯养了的v.驯化( domesticate的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • he is thoroughly domesticated and cooks a delicious chicken casserole. 他精于家务,烹制的砂锅炖小鸡非常可口。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • the donkey is a domesticated form of the african wild ass. 驴是非洲野驴的一种已驯化的品种。 来自《简明英汉词典》
7 inix5     
adj.物质上,体格上,身体上,按自然规律
参考例句:
  • he was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服,心绪也很乱。
  • every time i think about it i feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。
8 w2cxp     
n.幼虫
参考例句:
  • larvae are parasitic on sheep.幼虫寄生在绵羊的身上。
  • the larvae prey upon small aphids.这种幼虫以小蚜虫为食。
9 c0cc8819fa73268b5ec019dbe33b798c     
n.(细菌、苔藓、蕨类植物)孢子( spore的名词复数 )v.(细菌、苔藓、蕨类植物)孢子( spore的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • ferns, mosses and fungi spread by means of spores. 蕨类植物、苔藓和真菌通过孢子传播蔓生。
  • spores form a lipid membrane during the process of reproducing. 孢于在生殖过程中形成类脂膜。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 预防生物武器
10 tmmyq     
adv.显然地;表面上,似乎
参考例句:
  • an apparently blind alley leads suddenly into an open space.山穷水尽,豁然开朗。
  • he was apparently much surprised at the news.他对那个消息显然感到十分惊异。
11 6hrx6     
n.真菌,霉菌
参考例句:
  • students practice to apply the study of genetics to multicellular plants and fungi.学生们练习把基因学应用到多细胞植物和真菌中。
  • the lawn was covered with fungi.草地上到处都是蘑菇。
12 yuxwa     
ad.根据统计数据来看,从统计学的观点来看
参考例句:
  • the sample of building permits is larger and therefore, statistically satisfying. 建筑许可数的样本比较大,所以统计数据更令人满意。
  • the results of each test would have to be statistically independent. 每次试验的结果在统计上必须是独立的。
13 axbxb     
n.防御,保卫;[pl.]防务工事;辩护,答辩
参考例句:
  • the accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
  • the war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。
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