insects, equipped with complex compound eyes, can maintain a constant heading in their travels, some of them for thousands of miles. new research demonstrates that fruit flies keep their bearings by using the polarization（极化，偏振） pattern of natural skylight, 1 the belief that many, if not all, insects have that 2. "if you go out in a field, lie on your back and look up at the sky, that's pretty much what an insect sees," said michael dickinson, a university of washington biology professor. "insects have been looking up at this view forever."
dickinson is the senior author of a paper providing details on the findings, published jan. 10 in the journal current biology. the lead author is peter 3, a doctoral student at the california institute of technology.
the researchers 4 that insects such as 5 butterflies and 6 maintain a constant heading while migrating thousands of miles across continents, while bees and ants hunting for food successfully find their way hundreds of feet back to the nest without a problem. that has led scientists to believe that the animals must possess a compass of sorts.
to assess how insects orient themselves, weir and dickinson examined the behavior of drosophila melanogaster（果蝇） , a species commonly referred to as a fruit fly, in outdoor 7 conditions in a 8 designed "9" atop a building tall enough to be higher than treetops and other visual 10.
the researchers used a light-cured glue to attach the insects to a metal pin, which was then placed within a magnetic field that allowed the flies to move and rotate naturally but held them in place. digital cameras tracked flight headings.
during the hour before and the hour after sunset, the headings of flies relative to the position of the arena were recorded for 12 minutes. the arena was rotated 90 degrees every three minutes, and when natural light was not altered by optical filters some of the flies 11 for the 12 and maintained a consistent heading.
when the arena was covered with a circularly polarizing filter, eliminating natural linear polarization light patterns, the flies did not shift their heading significantly in response to arena rotations.
the results indicate drosophila has the ability to 13 eye and brain functions for rudimentary（基本的，初步的） navigation using light polarization patterns, the researchers concluded. the flies are able to hold a straighter course under normal polarization patterns than they can when those patterns are shifted.
the next step in the research is to try to determine why the flies select a particular heading.
"it's been very hard to study these processes because animals such as butterflies and locusts used in previous studies are not standard lab models," dickinson said. "we know something about the processes, but not that much."
demonstrating that fruit flies can 14 using cues from natural skylight makes it easier to use genetics research to better understand the complex capability and exactly how it is 15 in the brain.
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