逻辑影响人们的决定-凯发k8官网

逻辑影响人们的决定
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2011-12-30 05:49 字体: [ ] 
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for decades, science has suggested that when people make decisions, they tend to ignore 1 and go with the 2. but wim de neys, a psychological scientist at the university of toulouse in france, has a new suggestion: maybe thinking about logic is also intuitive(直觉的) . he writes about this idea in the january issue of perspectives on psychological science, a journal of the association for psychological science. psychologists have partly based their conclusions about reasoning and decision-making on questions like this one:

"bill is 34. he is intelligent, punctual but unimaginative and somewhat lifeless. in school, he was strong in mathematics but weak in social studies and humanities.

which one of the following statements is most likely?

(a) bill plays in a rock band for a hobby.

(b) bill is an accountant and plays in a rock band for a hobby."

most people will let their 3 about accountants rule and pick (b). but, in fact, we have no idea what bill does for a living -- he could be a politician, a concert pianist, or a drug 4 -- so it's more likely that only one 5 possibility, the rock band, is true, than that both (a) and (b) would happen to be true.

this line of research has suggested that people don't use logic when making decisions about the world. but the truth is more complicated, de neys says. when most people read a question like the one above, there's a sense that something isn't quite right. "that feeling you have, that there's something 6 about the problem -- we have a wide range of ways to measure that conflict," de neys says. for example, he has shown with brain imaging that when people are thinking about this kind of problem, a part of their brain that deals with conflict is active. "they stick to their gut feeling and don't do the logical thing, but they do sense that what they are doing is wrong," de neys says.

de neys thinks this sense, that something isn't quite right with the decision you're making, comes from an intuitive sense of logic. other scientists have found that children start thinking logically very early. in one study, 8-month-old babies were surprised if someone pulled mostly red balls out of a box that contained mostly white balls, proof that babies have an 7 sense of probability before they can even talk. it makes sense, de neys says, that this intuitive sense of logic would stick around in adults.

this research deals with the basics of how we think, but de neys says it may help explain more complex decision-making. if you want to teach people to make better decisions, he says, "it's important to know which 8 of the process is faulty." for example, if you want to understand why people are smoking, and you think it's because they don't understand the logic -- that smoking kills -- you might put a lot of energy into explaining how smoking is bad for them, when the actual problem is 9. it's a long way from a question about bill's career to understanding something like why someone decides to get married, for example; but research like this should help," de neys says.



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1 j0hxi     
n.逻辑(学);逻辑性
参考例句:
  • what sort of logic is that?这是什么逻辑?
  • i don't follow the logic of your argument.我不明白你的论点逻辑性何在。
2 mezzp     
n.[pl.]胆量;内脏;adj.本能的;vt.取出内脏
参考例句:
  • it is not always necessary to gut the fish prior to freezing.冷冻鱼之前并不总是需要先把内脏掏空。
  • my immediate gut feeling was to refuse.我本能的直接反应是拒绝。
3 1ff39410e7d7a101c62ac42c17e0df24     
n.老套,模式化的见解,有老一套固定想法的人( stereotype的名词复数 )v.把…模式化,使成陈规( stereotype的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • such jokes tend to reinforce racial stereotypes. 这样的笑话容易渲染种族偏见。
  • it makes me sick to read over such stereotypes devoid of content. 这种空洞无物的八股调,我看了就讨厌。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
4 gynxt     
n.商人,贩子
参考例句:
  • the dealer spent hours bargaining for the painting.那个商人为购买那幅画花了几个小时讨价还价。
  • the dealer reduced the price for cash down.这家商店对付现金的人减价优惠。
5 ht9xd     
adj.随机的;任意的;n.偶然的(或随便的)行动
参考例句:
  • the list is arranged in a random order.名单排列不分先后。
  • on random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查,发现肉变质了。
6 ysgzzf     
adj. 值得怀疑的
参考例句:
  • it all sounds very fishy to me.所有这些在我听起来都很可疑。
  • there was definitely something fishy going on.肯定当时有可疑的事情在进行中。
7 xbxzc     
adj.天生的,固有的,天赋的
参考例句:
  • you obviously have an innate talent for music.你显然有天生的音乐才能。
  • correct ideas are not innate in the mind.人的正确思想不是自己头脑中固有的。
8 epszv     
n.组成部分,成分,元件;adj.组成的,合成的
参考例句:
  • each component is carefully checked before assembly.每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查。
  • blade and handle are the component parts of a knife.刀身和刀柄是一把刀的组成部分。
9 jyezs     
n.上瘾入迷,嗜好
参考例句:
  • he stole money from his parents to feed his addiction.他从父母那儿偷钱以满足自己的嗜好。
  • areas of drug dealing are hellholes of addiction,poverty and murder.贩卖毒品的地区往往是吸毒上瘾、贫困和发生谋杀的地方。
tag标签: people decision logic
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