噪音无时无刻不在我们身边-凯发k8官网

噪音无时无刻不在我们身边
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2011-12-22 06:08 字体: [ ] 
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nine out of 10 city 1(居民) may have enough harmful noise exposure to risk hearing loss, and most of that exposure comes from leisure activities. historically, loud workplaces were blamed for harmful noise levels. but researchers at the university of michigan found that noise from mp3 players and stereo use has eclipsed loud work environments, said rick neitzel, assistant professor in the u-m school of public health and the risk science center. robyn gershon, a professor with the philip r. lee institute for health policy studies, university of california, san francisco is the principal 2 on the study.

this proved true even though mp3 player and stereo listening were just a small fraction of each person's total annual noise exposure.

neitzel said he was surprised by the findings. as an occupational hygienist(卫生学者) , he expected regular users of trains and buses along with work-related activities to be the chief culprits in excessive noise exposure.

they found that one in 10 3 users had noise exposures exceeding the recommended limits from transit use alone. but when they estimated the total annual exposure from all sources, 90 percent of transit users and 87 percent of nonusers exceeded the recommended limits, primarily due to mp3 and stereo usage.

"that two out of three people get the majority of noise exposure from music is pretty striking," neitzel said. "i've always viewed the workplace as a primary risk for noise exposure. but this would suggest that just focusing our efforts on the workplace isn't enough, since there's lots of noise exposure happening elsewhere."

the implications are startling(令人吃惊的) , said neitzel.

"i do think it's a serious problem, there aren't really any other experiences where we would tolerate having nine out of 10 people exposed at a level we know is 4. we certainly wouldn't tolerate this with another agent, such as something that caused cancer or 5 disease. yet for some reason we do for noise."

researchers 6 set out to examine the contribution of common noise sources to total annual noise exposures among urban residents for mass transit usage; occupational and non-occupational activities, mp3 player and stereo use; and time at home doing other miscellaneous(混杂的) activities. they looked at what caused the majority of potentially harmful exposures in 4,500 residents in new york city who used public transportation.

with any environmental exposure, until scientists know the length of exposure, the exposure level means nothing. the average new york transit user spends about 380 or so hours either waiting for or riding transit, which has average noise levels of 72-81 7. for comparison, the average speaking level is 60 decibels(分贝) , a busy street corner is 80, a circular saw is 90, a baby crying 115. the threshold for pain is about 125, and even a brief, one-time exposure above that level can cause permanent hearing loss.

"lots of people appear to be exposed at hazardous levels," he said. "a growing number of studies show noise causes stress, sleep 8, and heart disease. it may be the noise which we haven't historically paid much attention to is actually contributing to some of the top health problems in developed countries today. this begs for a public health education program."



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1 e3f4717dcbd471afe8dae6a3121a3602     
n.居民,居住者( dweller的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • city dwellers think country folk have provincial attitudes. 城里人以为乡下人思想迂腐。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • they have transformed themselves into permanent city dwellers. 他们已成为永久的城市居民。 来自《简明英汉词典》
2 zrqzo     
n.研究者,调查者,审查者
参考例句:
  • he was a special investigator for the fbi.他是联邦调查局的特别调查员。
  • the investigator was able to deduce the crime and find the criminal.调查者能够推出犯罪过程并锁定罪犯。
3 mglzvt     
n.经过,运输;vt.穿越,旋转;vi.越过
参考例句:
  • his luggage was lost in transit.他的行李在运送中丢失。
  • the canal can transit a total of 50 ships daily.这条运河每天能通过50条船。
4 iddxz     
adj.(有)危险的,冒险的;碰运气的
参考例句:
  • these conditions are very hazardous for shipping.这些情况对航海非常不利。
  • everybody said that it was a hazardous investment.大家都说那是一次危险的投资。
5 bo9zl     
adj.(疾病)长期未愈的,慢性的;极坏的
参考例句:
  • famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
  • chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。
6 273xz     
adv.最初,开始
参考例句:
  • the ban was initially opposed by the us.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
  • feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。
7 05e497be99c28b77edff352bf9305209     
n.分贝( decibel的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • the typical lawn mower makes about 90 decibels of noise. 典型的割草机发出的声响约为90分贝。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • a normal conversation reaches 55 decibels. 普通的谈话即可达55分贝。 来自《简明英汉词典》
8 bsnxk     
n.动乱,骚动;打扰,干扰;(身心)失调
参考例句:
  • he is suffering an emotional disturbance.他的情绪受到了困扰。
  • you can work in here without any disturbance.在这儿你可不受任何干扰地工作。
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