电脑可通过玩游戏学习语言-凯发k8官网

电脑可通过玩游戏学习语言
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2011-07-13 05:16 字体: [ ] 
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

computers are great at treating words as data: word-processing programs let you rearrange and 1 text however you like, and search engines can quickly find a word anywhere on the web. but what would it mean for a computer to actually understand the meaning of a sentence written in ordinary english — or french, or urdu, or 2(国语,官话) ? one test might be whether the computer could 3 and follow a set of instructions for an 4 task. and indeed, in the last few years, researchers at mit's computer science and artificial intelligence lab have begun designing machine-learning systems that do exactly that, with surprisingly good results.

in 2009, at the annual meeting of the association for computational 5 (acl), researchers in the lab of regina barzilay, associate professor of computer science and electrical engineering, took the best-paper award for a system that generated scripts for installing a piece of software on a windows computer by reviewing instructions posted on microsoft's help site. at this year's acl meeting, barzilay, her graduate student s. r. k. branavan and david silver of university college london 6 a similar approach to a more complicated problem: learning to play "civilization," a computer game in which the player guides the development of a city into an empire across centuries of human history. when the researchers 7(增广) a machine-learning system so that it could use a player's manual to guide the development of a game-playing strategy, its rate of victory jumped from 46 percent to 79 percent.

starting from scratch

"games are used as a test bed for artificial-intelligence techniques simply because of their complexity," says branavan, who was first author on both acl papers. "every action that you take in the game doesn't have a predetermined outcome, because the game or the opponent can 9 react to what you do. so you need a technique that can handle very complex 10 that react in potentially 8 ways."

moreover, barzilay says, game manuals have "very open text. they don't tell you how to win. they just give you very general advice and suggestions, and you have to figure out a lot of other things on your own." relative to an application like the software-installing program, branavan explains, games are "another step closer to the real world."

the extraordinary thing about barzilay and branavan's system is that it begins with virtually no prior knowledge about the task it's intended to perform or the language in which the instructions are written. it has a list of actions it can take, like right-clicks or left-clicks, or moving the cursor(光标) ; it has access to the information displayed on-screen; and it has some way of 11 its success, like whether the software has been installed or whether it wins the game. but it doesn't know what actions correspond to what words in the instruction set, and it doesn't know what the objects in the game world represent.

so 12, its behavior is almost totally random. but as it takes various actions, different words appear on screen, and it can look for instances of those words in the instruction set. it can also search the surrounding text for associated words, and develop hypotheses about what actions those words correspond to. hypotheses that consistently lead to good results are given greater 13, while those that consistently lead to bad results are discarded(丢弃) .



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 gijxb     
n.设计,版式;[计算机]格式,dos命令:格式化(磁盘),用于空盘或使用过的磁盘建立新空盘来存储数据;v.使格式化,设计,安排
参考例句:
  • please format this floppy disc.请将这张软盘格式化。
  • the format of the figure is very tasteful.该图表的格式很雅致。
2 torzdx     
n.中国官话,国语,满清官吏;adj.华丽辞藻的
参考例句:
  • just over one billion people speak mandarin as their native tongue.大约有十亿以上的人口以华语为母语。
  • mandarin will be the new official language of the european union.普通话会变成欧盟新的官方语言。
3 rwuzm     
vt.分析,解析 (=analyse)
参考例句:
  • we should analyze the cause and effect of this event.我们应该分析这场事变的因果。
  • the teacher tried to analyze the cause of our failure.老师设法分析我们失败的原因。
4 uk6w4     
adj.陌生的,不熟悉的
参考例句:
  • i am unfamiliar with the place and the people here.我在这儿人地生疏。
  • the man seemed unfamiliar to me.这人很面生。
5 f0gxm     
n.语言学
参考例句:
  • she plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • linguistics is a scientific study of the property of language.语言学是指对语言的性质所作的系统研究。
6 tz2zxa     
adj.应用的;v.应用,适用
参考例句:
  • she plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • this cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
7 b45f39670f767b2c62c8d6b211cbcb1a     
adj.增音的 动词augment的过去式和过去分词形式
参考例句:
  • 'scientists won't be replaced," he claims, "but they will be augmented." 他宣称:“科学家不会被取代;相反,他们会被拓展。” 来自英汉非文学 - 科学史
  • the impact of the report was augmented by its timing. 由于发表的时间选得好,这篇报导的影响更大了。
8 ht9xd     
adj.随机的;任意的;n.偶然的(或随便的)行动
参考例句:
  • the list is arranged in a random order.名单排列不分先后。
  • on random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查,发现肉变质了。
9 cktzbm     
adv.随便地,未加计划地
参考例句:
  • within the hot gas chamber, molecules are moving randomly in all directions. 在灼热的气体燃烧室内,分子在各个方向上作无规运动。 来自辞典例句
  • transformed cells are loosely attached, rounded and randomly oriented. 转化细胞则不大贴壁、圆缩并呈杂乱分布。 来自辞典例句
10 f7c7eeee199dc0ef47fe322cc223be88     
n.[意]情节;剧本;事态;脚本
参考例句:
  • further, graphite cores may be safer than non-graphite cores under some accident scenarios. 再者,根据一些事故解说,石墨堆芯可比非石墨堆芯更安全一些。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
  • again, scenarios should make it clear which modes are acceptable to users in various contexts. 同样,我们可以运用场景剧本来搞清楚在不同情境下哪些模式可被用户接受。 来自about face 3交互设计精髓
11 43b7cd74ff2d7de0267e44c307ca3757     
n.测量[试],测定,计量v.(用仪器)测量( gauge的现在分词 );估计;计量;划分
参考例句:
  • the method is especially attractive for gauging natural streams. 该方法对于测量天然的流注具有特殊的吸引力。 来自辞典例句
  • incommunicative as he was, some time elapsed before i had an opportunity of gauging his mind. 由于他不爱说话,我过了一些时候才有机会探测他的心灵。 来自辞典例句
12 273xz     
adv.最初,开始
参考例句:
  • the ban was initially opposed by the us.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
  • feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。
13 hayy3     
n.信用,祭器台,供桌,凭证
参考例句:
  • don't give credence to all the gossip you hear.不要相信你听到的闲话。
  • police attach credence to the report of an unnamed bystander.警方认为一位不知姓名的目击者的报告很有用。
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