孕妇吸烟易导致婴儿手足畸形-凯发k8官网

孕妇吸烟易导致婴儿手足畸形
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2011-07-12 02:38 字体: [ ] 
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

missing or 1(畸形的,残缺的) limbs, clubfoot(畸形足) , facial 2 and gastrointestinal(胃肠的) problems are some of the most common birth defects found to be associated with smoking during 3, according to a major new report led by scientists at ucl. the study, published today in human reproduction update, is the first comprehensive review to identify the specific birth defects (malformations) most associated with smoking.

despite public health advice which warns of the harms of 4 smoking, such as 5 and 6 birth, in the uk 45% of women under 20 and 17% overall still smoke during pregnancy, according to the national figures (office for national statistics 2006). in the usa, 20% of women 7 under 25 years smoke during pregnancy, compared to 9% among those aged over 35.

the authors examined a total of 172 research papers published over the last 50 years, which looked at a combined total of 174,000 cases of malformation alongside 11.7 million controls. the risk was increased by 26% for having a baby with missing or deformed limbs, 28% for clubfoot, 27% for gastrointestinal defects, 33% for 8 defects, 25% for eye defects, and 28% for 9 lip/palate. the greatest increase in risk (50%) was for a condition called gastroschisis(腹裂) , where parts of the stomach or 10 11 through the skin.

the research authors recommend that public health guidance should now be more 12 about the specific malformations associated with maternal smoking, in order to try and reduce the numbers of pregnant women who smoke.

lead author professor allan hackshaw, ucl cancer institute and member of the royal college of physicians tobacco 13 group, said: "people may think that few women still smoke when pregnant. but the reality is that, particularly in women under 20, the numbers are still staggeringly high.

"maternal smoking during pregnancy is a well established risk factor for miscarriage, low birthweight and premature birth. however, very few public health educational policies mention birth defects when referring to smoking and those that do are not very specific – this is largely because of past 14 over which ones are directly linked.

"now we have this evidence, advice should be more explicit(明确的) about the kinds of serious defects such as deformed limbs, and facial and gastrointestinal malformations that babies of mothers who smoke during pregnancy could suffer from. the message from this research is that women should quit smoking before becoming pregnant, or very early on, to reduce the chance of having a baby with a serious and lifelong physical defect."

co-author, professor charles rodeck, ucl institute for women's health, added: "the results of this research are of the greatest significance for the health of mothers and babies and for public health policy. if the recommendations are 15, they will lead to a reduction in the incidence of several common malformations, and also to greater efficacy of smoking prevention programmes, as the warning of a birth defect adds weight to that of a small or premature baby".



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 iutzwv     
adj.畸形的;变形的;丑的,破相了的
参考例句:
  • he was born with a deformed right leg.他出生时右腿畸形。
  • his body was deformed by leprosy.他的身体因为麻风病变形了。
2 6e49dcafe3638183c823d3aa5b12b010     
n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 );凌乱;骚乱;(身心、机能)失调
参考例句:
  • reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告,厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • the announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》
3 lpwxp     
n.怀孕,怀孕期
参考例句:
  • early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。
  • smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。
4 57azi     
adj.母亲的,母亲般的,母系的,母方的
参考例句:
  • he is my maternal uncle.他是我舅舅。
  • the sight of the hopeless little boy aroused her maternal instincts.那个绝望的小男孩的模样唤起了她的母性。
5 onvzz3     
n.失败,未达到预期的结果;流产
参考例句:
  • the miscarriage of our plans was a great blow.计划的失败给我们以巨大的打击。
  • women who smoke are more to have a miscarriage.女性吸烟者更容易流产。
6 fpfxv     
adj.比预期时间早的;不成熟的,仓促的
参考例句:
  • it is yet premature to predict the possible outcome of the dialogue.预言这次对话可能有什么结果为时尚早。
  • the premature baby is doing well.那个早产的婴儿很健康。
7 6zwzdi     
adj.年老的,陈年的
参考例句:
  • he had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了,也老点了。
  • he is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老,然而记忆力还好。
8 cetyo     
n.头骨;颅骨
参考例句:
  • the skull bones fuse between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five.头骨在15至25岁之间长合。
  • he fell out of the window and cracked his skull.他从窗子摔了出去,跌裂了颅骨。
9 awezgg     
n.裂缝;adj.裂开的
参考例句:
  • i hid the message in a cleft in the rock.我把情报藏在石块的裂缝里。
  • he was cleft from his brother during the war.在战争期间,他与他的哥哥分离。
10 e809cc608db249eaf1b13d564503dbca     
n.肠( intestine的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • perhaps the most serious problems occur in the stomach and intestines. 最严重的问题或许出现在胃和肠里。 来自辞典例句
  • the traps of carnivorous plants function a little like the stomachs and small intestines of animals. 食肉植物的捕蝇器起着动物的胃和小肠的作用。 来自辞典例句
11 v0mzm     
v.使突出,伸出,突出
参考例句:
  • the tip of her tongue was protruding slightly.她的舌尖微微伸出。
  • a huge round mass of smooth rock protruding from the water.一块光滑的巨型圆石露出水面。
12 ihfzc     
adj.详述的,明确的;坦率的;显然的
参考例句:
  • she was quite explicit about why she left.她对自己离去的原因直言不讳。
  • he avoids the explicit answer to us.他避免给我们明确的回答。
13 lkvyj     
adj.劝告的,忠告的,顾问的,提供咨询
参考例句:
  • i have worked in an advisory capacity with many hospitals.我曾在多家医院做过顾问工作。
  • he was appointed to the advisory committee last month.他上个月获任命为顾问委员会委员。
14 nlfwk     
n.易变,靠不住,不确知,不确定的事物
参考例句:
  • her comments will add to the uncertainty of the situation.她的批评将会使局势更加不稳定。
  • after six weeks of uncertainty,the strain was beginning to take its toll.6个星期的忐忑不安后,压力开始产生影响了。
15 a0211e5272f6fc75ac06e2d62558aff0     
v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 );执行;贯彻;使生效
参考例句:
  • this agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • the economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革,经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句
tag标签: smoking birth pregnancy
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