红色能激发肌肉速度与力量-凯发k8官网

红色能激发肌肉速度与力量
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2011-06-03 05:58 字体: [ ] 
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

what links speed, power, and the color red? hint: it's not a sports car. it's your muscles.

a new study, published in the latest issue of the journal emotion, finds that when humans see red, their reactions become both faster and more forceful. and people are 1 of the color's 2 effect.

the findings may have applications for sporting and other activities in which a brief burst of strength and speed is needed, such as weightlifting. but the authors caution that the color energy boost is likely short-lived.

"red enhances our physical reactions because it is seen as a danger cue," explains coauthor andrew elliot, professor of 3 at the university of rochester and a lead researcher in the field of color psychology. "humans flush when they are angry or preparing for attack," he explains. "people are acutely aware of such reddening in others and it's implications."

but threat is a double-edged sword, argue elliot and coauthor henk aarts, professor of psychology at utrecht university, in the netherlands. along with mobilizing extra energy, "threat also 4(唤起) worry, task 5, and self-preoccupation, all of which have been shown to tax mental resources," they write in the paper. in earlier color research, exposure to red has proven counterproductive for skilled motor and mental tasks: athletes competing against an opponent wearing red are more likely to lose and students exposed to red before a test perform worse.

"color affects us in many ways depending on the context," explains elliot, whose research also has documented how men and women are unconsciously attracted to the opposite sex when they wear red. "those color effects fly under our 6 radar," he says.

the study measured the reactions of students in two experiments. in the first, 30 fourth-through-10th graders pinched and held open a metal clasp. right before doing so, they read aloud their participant number written in either red or gray crayon(蜡笔) . in the second experiment, 46 undergraduates squeezed a handgrip with their 7 hand as hard as possible when they read the word "squeeze" on a computer monitor. the word appeared on a red, blue, or gray background.

in both 8, red significantly increased the force exerted, with participants in the red condition squeezing with greater maximum force than those in the gray or blue conditions. in the handgrip experiment, not only the amount of force, but also the immediacy of the reaction increased when red was present.

the colors in the study were 9 10 in 11(色彩) , brightness, and chroma (intensity) to insure that reactions were not attributable to these other qualities of color. "many color psychology studies in the past have failed to account for these independent variables, so the results have been ambiguous," explains elliot.

the study focused exclusively on isometric(等距的) or non-directional physical responses, allowing the researcher to measure the energy response of participants, though not their behavior, which can vary among individuals and situations. the familiar flight or fight responses, for example, show differing reactions to threat.



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 pl6w0     
a.不知道的,未意识到的
参考例句:
  • they were unaware that war was near. 他们不知道战争即将爆发。
  • i was unaware of the man's presence. 我没有察觉到那人在场。
2 6af105724a108def30288b810d78b276     
v.(使)增强, (使)加剧( intensify的现在分词 );增辉
参考例句:
  • the allies are intensifying their air campaign. 联军部队正加大他们的空战强度。 来自辞典例句
  • the rest of the european powers were in a state of intensifying congestion. 其余的欧洲强国则处于越来越拥挤的状态。 来自英汉非文学 - 历史
3 u0wze     
n.心理,心理学,心理状态
参考例句:
  • she has a background in child psychology.她受过儿童心理学的教育。
  • he studied philosophy and psychology at cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。
4 d4c5d0beb1ad413369ccd9a98dfa9683     
产生,引起,唤起( evoke的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • the film evokes chilling reminders of the war. 这部电影使人们回忆起战争的可怕场景。
  • each type evokes antibodies which protect against the homologous. 每一种类型都能产生抗同种病毒的抗体。
5 muoz3l     
n.精神涣散,精神不集中,消遣,娱乐
参考例句:
  • total concentration is required with no distractions.要全神贯注,不能有丝毫分神。
  • their national distraction is going to the disco.他们的全民消遣就是去蹦迪。
6 4ywzdw     
n.意识,觉悟,懂事,明智
参考例句:
  • there is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
  • environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。
7 usaxg     
adj.支配的,统治的;占优势的;显性的;n.主因,要素,主要的人(或物);显性基因
参考例句:
  • the british were formerly dominant in india.英国人从前统治印度。
  • she was a dominant figure in the french film industry.她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。
8 f7c7eeee199dc0ef47fe322cc223be88     
n.[意]情节;剧本;事态;脚本
参考例句:
  • further, graphite cores may be safer than non-graphite cores under some accident scenarios. 再者,根据一些事故解说,石墨堆芯可比非石墨堆芯更安全一些。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
  • again, scenarios should make it clear which modes are acceptable to users in various contexts. 同样,我们可以运用场景剧本来搞清楚在不同情境下哪些模式可被用户接受。 来自about face 3交互设计精髓
9 zlwzub     
adv.恰好,正好,精确地,细致地
参考例句:
  • it's precisely that sort of slick sales-talk that i mistrust.我不相信的正是那种油腔滑调的推销宣传。
  • the man adjusted very precisely.那个人调得很准。
10 4e5ed63ebe0d19855344c43d4526ea4f     
adj.换算的v.认为某事物(与另一事物)相等或相仿( equate的过去式和过去分词 );相当于;等于;把(一事物) 和(另一事物)等同看待
参考例句:
  • production costs for the movie equated to around 30% of income. 这部电影的制作成本相当于收益的30%。
  • politics cannot be equated with art. 政治不能同艺术等同起来。
11 qdszs     
n.色度;色调;样子
参考例句:
  • the diamond shone with every hue under the sun.金刚石在阳光下放出五颜六色的光芒。
  • the same hue will look different in different light.同一颜色在不同的光线下看起来会有所不同。
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