北极熊不会使雪雁灭绝-凯发k8官网

北极熊不会使雪雁灭绝
文章来源:未知 文章作者:meng 发布时间:2010-11-07 03:24 字体: [ ] 
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

as the arctic warms, a new cache of resources—snow goose eggs—may help sustain(维持,支撑) the polar bear population for the foreseeable(可预知的) future. in a new study published in an early online edition of oikos, researchers 1 with the museum show that even large numbers of hungry bears repeatedly raiding nests over many years would have a difficult time eliminating all of the geese because of a mismatch in the 2 of bear arrival on shore and goose egg incubation(孵化,潜伏) . "there have been statements in popular literature indicating that polar bears can 3(灭绝,根除) snow geese quickly once they start to eat eggs," says robert rockwell, a research associate in the division of vertebrate 4 at the museum and a professor at the city university of new york. "however, there will always be the occasional mismatch in the 5 between the onshore arrival of bears and the incubation period of the geese. even if the bears eat every egg during each year of complete 'match,' our model shows that periodic years of mismatch will provide windows of successful goose reproduction that will 6 7 predation(捕食,掠夺) effects."

in the last few years, work along the 8 churchill peninsula of western hudson bay by rockwell and colleagues has suggested that polar bears are not as hamstrung(残废) by their environment as many biologists believe. one new 9 option for polar bears is the 10(慷慨,丰富) of goose eggs which had 11 hatched into goslings(小鹅) that were gone by the time bears came 12. in recent years, 'early' bears have left breaking sea ice to come ashore and consume eggs. in fact, the earlier the bears come ashore, the better: eggs are higher in 14 when the 15 is younger.

in the new oikos paper, rockwell and coauthors linda gormezano (also affiliated with the museum) and david koons (a researcher at utah state university in logan) simulated the timing of events during the arctic spring: the break-up of sea ice, the movement of bears onto shore, the 16 of geese to the north, and the laying of eggs. results from the computer model show that the mismatch of timing is something that both the bears and geese can use to their advantage. the timing of geese migration is primarily based on photoperiod (the amount of light in 24 hours), which will not change as quickly as polar bear movements, which are based on the melting of sea ice.

results show that the advance in mean overlap of the two species gives an advantage to polar bears. but increased variability, also the result of global climate change, leads to an increased mismatch that is good news for snow geese.

"mismatch is often thought to be bad, but in this case periodic mismatch is good because it keeps geese from going extinct and allows polar bears to eat," says rockwell. "are polar bears 17? of course. this could be a nice stable system. the geese aren't going to go away, and they are a 13 resource for the bears."



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1 78057fb733c9c93ffbdc5f0ed15ef458     
adj. 附属的, 有关连的
参考例句:
  • the hospital is affiliated with the local university. 这家医院附属于当地大学。
  • all affiliated members can vote. 所有隶属成员都有投票权。
2 rguzgc     
n.时间安排,时间选择
参考例句:
  • the timing of the meeting is not convenient.会议的时间安排不合适。
  • the timing of our statement is very opportune.我们发表声明选择的时机很恰当。
3 amexx     
v.除尽,灭绝
参考例句:
  • the country must extirpate the evils of drug abuse.这个国家必须根除毒品泛滥的罪恶。
  • st. augustine knew how to use severity to extirpate the heresy.圣奥古斯丁知道如何使用的严重性消灭的异端邪说。
4 efjwz     
n.动物学,生态
参考例句:
  • i would like to brush up my zoology.我想重新温习一下动物学。
  • the library didn't stock zoology textbooks.这家图书馆没有动物学教科书。
5 tkixw     
v.重叠,与…交叠;n.重叠
参考例句:
  • the overlap between the jacket and the trousers is not good.夹克和裤子重叠的部分不好看。
  • tiles overlap each other.屋瓦相互叠盖。
6 yl7xm     
adv.部分地,从某些方面讲
参考例句:
  • the door was partially concealed by the drapes.门有一部分被门帘遮住了。
  • the police managed to restore calm and the curfew was partially lifted.警方设法恢复了平静,宵禁部分解除。
7 mizx8     
n.分支,补偿;v.抵消,补偿
参考例句:
  • their wage increases would be offset by higher prices.他们增加的工资会被物价上涨所抵消。
  • he put up his prices to offset the increased cost of materials.他提高了售价以补偿材料成本的增加。
8 itey6     
n.海角,岬;披肩,短披风
参考例句:
  • i long for a trip to the cape of good hope.我渴望到好望角去旅行。
  • she was wearing a cape over her dress.她在外套上披着一件披肩。
9 4hrxn     
adj.营养的,滋养的
参考例句:
  • a diet lacking in nutritional value will not keep a person healthy.缺乏营养价值的饮食不能维持人的健康。
  • the labels on food products give a lot of information about their nutritional content.食品上的标签提供很多关于营养成分的信息。
10 etqzz     
n.慷慨的赠予物,奖金;慷慨,大方;施与
参考例句:
  • he is famous for his bounty to the poor.他因对穷人慷慨相助而出名。
  • we received a bounty from the government.我们收到政府给予的一笔补助金。
11 bkzzzc     
adv.以前,先前(地)
参考例句:
  • the bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
  • let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿,解释原先发生了什么。
12 tnqyt     
adv.在(向)岸上,上岸
参考例句:
  • the children got ashore before the tide came in.涨潮前,孩子们就上岸了。
  • he laid hold of the rope and pulled the boat ashore.他抓住绳子拉船靠岸。
13 3vpye     
adj.营养的,滋养的;n.营养物,营养品
参考例句:
  • magnesium is the nutrient element in plant growth.镁是植物生长的营养要素。
  • the roots transmit moisture and nutrient to the trunk and branches.根将水分和养料输送到干和枝。
14 6a1e1ed248a3ac49744c39cc962fb607     
n.(食品或化学品)营养物,营养品( nutrient的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • a lack of essential nutrients 基本营养的缺乏
  • nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. 营养素被吸收进血液。 来自《简明英汉词典》
15 upaxt     
n.胚胎,萌芽的事物
参考例句:
  • they are engaging in an embryo research.他们正在进行一项胚胎研究。
  • the project was barely in embryo.该计划只是个雏形。
16 mdpxj     
n.迁移,移居,(鸟类等的)迁徙
参考例句:
  • swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
  • he described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。
17 vjdyi     
adj.能适应的,适应性强的,可改编的
参考例句:
  • he is an adaptable man and will soon learn the new work.他是个适应性很强的人,很快就将学会这种工作。
  • the soil is adaptable to the growth of peanuts.这土壤适宜于花生的生长。
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