营养物、病毒与生物碳泵之相互联系-凯发k8官网

营养物、病毒与生物碳泵之相互联系
文章来源:未知 文章作者:meng 发布时间:2010-07-01 01:29 字体: [ ] 
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

adding 2 to the sea could decrease viral infection(病毒性感染) rates among phytoplankton(浮游植物) and enhance the efficiency of the biological pump, a means by which carbon is transferred from the atmosphere to the deep ocean, according to a new mathematical modelling(数学模型) study. the findings, published in the journal of theoretical biology, have implications(含义,影响) for ocean geo-engineering schemes proposed for tackling global warming. tiny free-floating 3(海藻) called phytoplankton dominate biological production in the world's oceans and sit at the base of the 4 food web. their population 5(种群动态,人口动态) are controlled by sunlight, 1 availability, grazing by tiny 6 animals (zooplankton) and mortality caused by viral infection.

"viruses are the most abundant organism in the world's oceans, and it is thought that all phytoplankton species are 7 to infection. our aim was to model the interaction between viruses, phytoplankton, zooplankton(浮游动物) grazing and nutrient levels," said dr adrian martin of the national oceanography centre (noc), who 8 in the project with dr christopher rhodes, a bio-mathematician at imperial college london.

the researchers took an 'eco-epidemic' modelling approach, taking into account the 9 interaction between the effects of ecology and disease epidemiology(流行病学) . this approach has been used 10 to model the effects of infection by pathogens(病原体) on the population dynamics of mammals and 11(无脊椎的) animals.

they considered only the case of lytic viruses(裂解病毒) , which are the commonest type of virus infecting marine phytoplankton. lytic viruses inject their 12 into host cells and use the host's replication 13 to produce new viral particles. the host cell eventually 14(破裂) , releasing the new viruses along with their cell contents, which are incorporated back into the ambient(周围的,外界的) nutrient pool.

the interaction between viruses, phytoplankton, zooplankton grazing and nutrient levels produces subtle(微妙的,精细的) feedbacks and complex dynamics, which present a challenge to modellers. rhodes and martin therefore used three models of sequentially increasing 15, so as to understand the key factors driving the dynamics and to increase confidence in the 16 of the model predictions.

the models predict that decreased nutrient levels correspond to high viral infection rates among phytoplankton.

on the other hand, increased nutrient levels are predicted to decrease viral infection rates. this means that more of the carbon contained in phytoplankton would be available to zooplankton and other creatures higher up the food chain.

when these organisms die, a proportion of the associated carbon would sink down to the deep ocean, where it could be locked away for centuries, rather than being released back to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. this 17 for exporting carbon to the deep ocean is called the biological carbon pump.

artificial enhancement of the biological carbon pump by 18 the oceans with nutrients has been proposed as a possible geo-engineering 'fix' for global warming caused by the increase of 19 carbon dioxide from anthropogenic(人为的) sources.

"the decrease in viral infection rates caused by artificially adding nutrients to the sea could in the future benefit humans by increasing the efficiency of the biological carbon pump, making these proposed ocean geo-engineering schemes more 20(可行的) ," said dr rhodes.



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1 3vpye     
adj.营养的,滋养的;n.营养物,营养品
参考例句:
  • magnesium is the nutrient element in plant growth.镁是植物生长的营养要素。
  • the roots transmit moisture and nutrient to the trunk and branches.根将水分和养料输送到干和枝。
2 6a1e1ed248a3ac49744c39cc962fb607     
n.(食品或化学品)营养物,营养品( nutrient的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • a lack of essential nutrients 基本营养的缺乏
  • nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. 营养素被吸收进血液。 来自《简明英汉词典》
3 tk6yw     
n.水藻,海藻
参考例句:
  • most algae live in water.多数藻类生长在水中。
  • algae grow and spread quickly in the lake.湖中水藻滋蔓。
4 77izo     
adj.海的;海生的;航海的;海事的;n.水兵
参考例句:
  • marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
  • when the war broke out,he volunteered for the marine corps.战争爆发时,他自愿参加了海军陆战队。
5 nuszqq     
n.力学,动力学,动力,原动力;动态
参考例句:
  • in order to succeed,you must master complicated knowledge of dynamics.要取得胜利,你必须掌握很复杂的动力学知识。
  • dynamics is a discipline that cannot be mastered without extensive practice.动力学是一门不做大量习题就不能掌握的学科。
6 2c5a613b77b0c07117d54f76116dec2a     
[医] 浮游生物的
参考例句:
  • warmer winters: are planktonic algal populations in sweden's largest lakes affected? 暖冬:瑞典最大湖泊的浮游藻类种群是否受到影响?
  • they eat planktonic crustaceans and fish larvae. 以浮游的甲壳动物和鱼类幼体为食。
7 4rrw7     
adj.过敏的,敏感的;易动感情的,易受感动的
参考例句:
  • children are more susceptible than adults.孩子比成人易受感动。
  • we are all susceptible to advertising.我们都易受广告的影响。
8 c49a4f9c170cb7c268fccb474f5f0d4f     
合作( collaborate的过去式和过去分词 ); 勾结叛国
参考例句:
  • we have collaborated on many projects over the years. 这些年来我们合作搞了许多项目。
  • we have collaborated closely with the university on this project. 我们与大学在这个专案上紧密合作。
9 efoxc     
adj.相互的,彼此的;共同的,共有的
参考例句:
  • we must pull together for mutual interest.我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。
  • mutual interests tied us together.相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。
10 bkzzzc     
adv.以前,先前(地)
参考例句:
  • the bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
  • let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿,解释原先发生了什么。
11 9a8zt     
n.无脊椎动物
参考例句:
  • half of all invertebrate species live in tropical rain forests.一半的无脊椎动物物种生活在热带雨林中。
  • worms are an example of invertebrate animals.蠕虫是无脊椎动物的一个例子。
12 4u3z1l     
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
参考例句:
  • dna is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。
  • gene mutations are alterations in the dna code.基因突变是指dna密码的改变。
13 cadxb     
n.(总称)机械,机器;机构
参考例句:
  • has the machinery been put up ready for the broadcast?广播器材安装完毕了吗?
  • machinery ought to be well maintained all the time.机器应该随时注意维护。
14 932414a52fbd26f128186a952208af3a     
n.(体内组织等的)断裂( rupture的名词复数 );爆裂;疝气v.(使)破裂( rupture的第三人称单数 );(使体内组织等)断裂;使(友好关系)破裂;使绝交
参考例句:
  • fault ruptures may consist of a single narrow main break. 断层破裂可能只包括单独一条狭窄的主裂隙。 来自辞典例句
  • the dry seed ruptures and the green leaf uncurls. 干瘪的种子裂开了,卷曲的绿叶伸展了。 来自辞典例句
15 ko9z3     
n.复杂(性),复杂的事物
参考例句:
  • only now did he understand the full complexity of the problem.直到现在他才明白这一问题的全部复杂性。
  • the complexity of the road map puzzled me.错综复杂的公路图把我搞糊涂了。
16 d234403d7859cbc1df09cdac2136bd62     
坚固性,健壮性;鲁棒性
参考例句:
  • there were other reasons for concern about the robustness of an economic recovery. 人们还有其他一些原因对经济恢复的健全程度表示关心。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
  • robustness analysis attracts more and more attention in these years. 鲁棒性分析是近几年学术界较为关注的问题。 来自互联网
17 zcwxr     
n.机械装置;机构,结构
参考例句:
  • the bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
  • the mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。
18 79a37a7878a3e9b841687c9b9748dd60     
v.施肥( fertilize的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • sometimes the preliminary step must be taken of reducing weed population before fertilizing. 有时候,在施肥之前,必须采取减少杂草密度的预备性步骤。 来自辞典例句
  • the self fertilizing garden can also be planted in raised beds. 自我施肥的菜园也可以在苗圃床中种植。 来自互联网
19 6eayr     
adj.大气的,空气的;大气层的;大气所引起的
参考例句:
  • sea surface temperatures and atmospheric circulation are strongly coupled.海洋表面温度与大气环流是密切相关的。
  • clouds return radiant energy to the surface primarily via the atmospheric window.云主要通过大气窗区向地表辐射能量。
20 mi2wz     
adj.可行的,切实可行的,能活下去的
参考例句:
  • the scheme is economically viable.这个计划从经济效益来看是可行的。
  • the economy of the country is not viable.这个国家经济是难以维持的。
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