仿造猫脑结构制造计算机-凯发k8官网

仿造猫脑结构制造计算机
文章来源:未知 文章作者:meng 发布时间:2010-04-15 01:38 字体: [ ] 
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

a cat can recognize a face faster and more 1 than a supercomputer. that's one reason a 2(猫科的) brain is the model for a biologically-inspired computer project involving the university of michigan.

u-m computer engineer wei lu has taken a step toward developing this revolutionary type of machine that could be capable of learning and recognizing, as well as making more complex decisions and performing more tasks 4(同时地) than conventional computers can.

lu 5 built a "memristor(记忆电阻器) ," a device that replaces a traditional 6 and acts like a biological 7(突触) , remembering past voltages it was subjected to. now, he has demonstrated that this memristor can connect conventional circuits and support a process that is the basis for memory and learning in biological systems.

a paper on the research is published online in nano letters and is scheduled to appear in the forthcoming(即将来临的) april edition of the journal.

"we are building a computer in the same way that nature builds a brain," said lu, an assistant professor in the u-m department of electrical engineering and computer science. "the idea is to use a completely different 8(范例,词形变化表) compared to conventional computers. the cat brain sets a realistic goal because it is much simpler than a human brain but still extremely difficult to 9(复制,折叠) in 10 and efficiency."

today's most sophisticated supercomputer can accomplish certain tasks with the brain functionality of a cat, but it's a massive machine with more than 140,000 central processing units and a 11 power supply. and it still performs 83 times slower than a cat's brain, lu wrote in his paper.

in a mammal's brain, neurons are connected to each other by 12, which act as reconfigurable switches that can form pathways linking thousands of neurons. most importantly, synapses remember these pathways based on the strength and 13 of electrical signals generated by the neurons.

in a conventional computer, 3 and memory functions are located at different parts of the circuit and each 14 unit is only connected to a handful of neighbors in the circuit. as a result, conventional computers execute code in a linear(线型的,直线的) fashion, line by line, lu said. they are excellent at performing 15 simple tasks with limited variables.

but a brain can perform many operations simultaneously, or in parallel(平行的,并行的) . that's how we can recognize a face in an instant, but even a supercomputer would take much, much longer and consume much more energy in doing so.

so far, lu has connected two electronic circuits with one memristor. he has demonstrated that this system is capable of a memory and learning process called "16 timing dependent plasticity." this type of plasticity(可塑性,适应性) refers to the ability of connections between neurons to become stronger based on when they are 17 in relation to each other. spike timing dependent plasticity is thought to be the basis for memory and learning in mammalian brains.

"we show that we can use voltage timing to gradually increase or decrease the electrical conductance in this memristor-based system. in our brains, similar changes in synapse conductance 18 give rise to long term memory," lu said.

the next step is to build a larger system, lu said. his goal is achieve the sophistication of a supercomputer in a machine the size of a two-liter 19(饮料) container. that could be several years away.

lu said an electronic 20(类似物,模拟) of a cat brain would be able to think intelligently at the cat level. for example, if the task were to find the shortest route from the front door to the sofa in a house full of furniture, and the computer knows only the shape of the sofa, a conventional machine could accomplish this. but if you moved the sofa, it wouldn't realize the adjustment and find a new path. that's what engineers hope the cat brain computer would be capable of. the project's major funder, the 21 advanced research projects agency, isn't interested in sofas. but this 22 the type of learning the machine is being designed for.



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1 zutzxq     
adv.高效率地,有能力地
参考例句:
  • the worker oils the machine to operate it more efficiently.工人给机器上油以使机器运转更有效。
  • local authorities have to learn to allocate resources efficiently.地方政府必须学会有效地分配资源。
2 nkdxi     
adj.猫科的
参考例句:
  • as a result,humans have learned to respect feline independence.结果是人们已经学会尊重猫的独立性。
  • the awakening was almost feline in its stealthiness.这种醒觉,简直和猫的脚步一样地轻悄。
3 j0hxi     
n.逻辑(学);逻辑性
参考例句:
  • what sort of logic is that?这是什么逻辑?
  • i don't follow the logic of your argument.我不明白你的论点逻辑性何在。
4 4ibz1o     
adv.同时发生地,同时进行地
参考例句:
  • the radar beam can track a number of targets almost simultaneously.雷达波几乎可以同时追着多个目标。
  • the windows allow a computer user to execute multiple programs simultaneously.windows允许计算机用户同时运行多个程序。
5 bkzzzc     
adv.以前,先前(地)
参考例句:
  • the bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
  • let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿,解释原先发生了什么。
6 wnfws     
n.晶体管,晶体管收音机
参考例句:
  • this make of transistor radio is small and beautifully designed.这半导体收音机小巧玲珑。
  • every transistor has at least three electrodes.每个晶体管至少有三个电极。
7 3hrzm     
n.突触
参考例句:
  • the chemical floods the synapse, overwhelming the serotonin receptors.这种化学物质湮没了突触,覆盖了5--羟色胺的受体。
  • ecstasy also keeps serotonin from being reabsorbed,further increasing the concentration in the synapse.毒品引起的狂迷还能阻止5--羟色胺的再吸收,进一步增加了突触内5--羟色胺的浓度。
8 c48zj     
n.例子,模范,词形变化表
参考例句:
  • he had become the paradigm of the successful man. 他已经成为成功人士的典范。
  • moreover,the results of this research can be the new learning paradigm for digital design studios.除此之外,本研究的研究成果也可以为数位设计课程建立一个新的学习范例。
9 pvaxn     
v.折叠,复制,模写;n.同样的样品;adj.转折的
参考例句:
  • the dna of chromatin must replicate before cell division.染色质dna在细胞分裂之前必须复制。
  • it is also easy to replicate,as the next subsection explains.就像下一个小节详细说明的那样,它还可以被轻易的复制。
10 ko9z3     
n.复杂(性),复杂的事物
参考例句:
  • only now did he understand the full complexity of the problem.直到现在他才明白这一问题的全部复杂性。
  • the complexity of the road map puzzled me.错综复杂的公路图把我搞糊涂了。
11 duhzy2     
adj.一心一意的;献身的;热诚的
参考例句:
  • he dedicated his life to the cause of education.他献身于教育事业。
  • his whole energies are dedicated to improve the design.他的全部精力都放在改进这项设计上了。
12 866e8ec5e7e57c04ff0daa7921c4d2a5     
n.(神经元的)突触( synapse的名词复数 );染色体结合( synapsis的名词复数 );联会;突触;(神经元的)触处
参考例句:
  • nerve cells communicate with one another at the synapses, where their membranes almost touch. 神经细胞在突触部位彼此沟通,在这里它们的膜几乎接触到一起了。 来自辞典例句
  • glutamatergic synapses are common excitatory chemical connections in mammalian central nervous system. 谷氨酸性突触是哺乳动物神经系统的主要兴奋性突触。 来自互联网
13 rguzgc     
n.时间安排,时间选择
参考例句:
  • the timing of the meeting is not convenient.会议的时间安排不合适。
  • the timing of our statement is very opportune.我们发表声明选择的时机很恰当。
14 tvbzxs     
n.计算
参考例句:
  • to work in computing 从事信息处理
  • back in the dark ages of computing, in about 1980, they started a software company. 早在计算机尚未普及的时代(约1980年),他们就创办了软件公司。
15 bkqzs3     
adv.比较...地,相对地
参考例句:
  • the rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
  • the operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
16 ltnzo     
n.长钉,钉鞋;v.以大钉钉牢,使...失效
参考例句:
  • the spike pierced the receipts and held them in order.那个钉子穿过那些收据并使之按顺序排列。
  • they'll do anything to spike the guns of the opposition.他们会使出各种手段来挫败对手。
17 rhrz78     
a.刺激的
参考例句:
  • the exhibition has stimulated interest in her work. 展览增进了人们对她作品的兴趣。
  • the award has stimulated her into working still harder. 奖金促使她更加努力地工作。
18 nntxw     
adv.本质上,实质上,基本上
参考例句:
  • really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
  • she is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。
19 0qgyn     
n.(水,酒等之外的)饮料
参考例句:
  • the beverage is often colored with caramel.这种饮料常用焦糖染色。
  • beer is a beverage of the remotest time.啤酒是一种最古老的饮料。
20 yldyq     
n.类似物,模拟
参考例句:
  • the analog signal contains high-frequency video information,which helps make up the picture.模拟信号包括有助于构成图像的高频视频信息。
  • the analog computer measures continuously,without proceeding step by step.模拟计算机不是一步一步地进行,而是连续地进行量度。
21 axbxb     
n.防御,保卫;[pl.]防务工事;辩护,答辩
参考例句:
  • the accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
  • the war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。
22 a03402300df9f3e3716d9eb11aae5782     
给…加插图( illustrate的第三人称单数 ); 说明; 表明; (用示例、图画等)说明
参考例句:
  • this historical novel illustrates the breaking up of feudal society in microcosm. 这部历史小说是走向崩溃的封建社会的缩影。
  • alfred adler, a famous doctor, had an experience which illustrates this. 阿尔弗莱德 - 阿德勒是一位著名的医生,他有过可以说明这点的经历。 来自中级百科部分
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