研究:大脑各部分对苦痛的反应-凯发k8官网

研究:大脑各部分对苦痛的反应
文章来源:未知 文章作者:meng 发布时间:2009-11-11 02:43 字体: [ ] 
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

in a new study, psychologists(心理学家) at the university of alabama at birmingham (uab) are able to see in detail for the first time how various regions of the human brain respond when people experience an unexpected or traumatic(外伤的,创伤的) event. the study could lead to the creation of biological measures that could identify people with post-traumatic stress 1(受过创伤后产生的精神压力) (ptsd) or identify ptsd sufferers who would benefit from specific treatments. in the study, uab researchers used 2 magnetic 3 imaging(机能性磁共振成像) (fmri) to see how activity in the parts of the brain associated with fear, learning and memory respond when research participants were startled by a loud static(静态的,静电的) sound and when they were able to correctly predict when the sound would occur.

"when the noise is unexpected, the brain's response is larger," said uab psychologist david 4, ph.d., principal 5 on the study, which is currently in press online and will appear in the january 2010 issue of the journal neuroimage. "but when participants are able to predict when they are going to hear the unpleasant static noise, you can see the regions of the brain quiet down so that a smaller emotional response is produced.

"while past studies have looked at this startle phenomenon behaviorally, this is the first look at what is actually happening in these regions of the brain when someone is exposed to an unpleasant, unpredictable event," knight said.

in the study, uab psychologists placed 15 healthy adults in an fmri scanner and asked them to listen to a series of low- and high-pitched tones. some tones predicted a loud static sound would follow, while other tones predicted that the static sound would not occur. during the study, participants were asked to rate the tones between zero and 100; zero if they did not expect to hear the static sound, 100 if the static sound was expected and 50 if they could not make a prediction.

in addition, the researchers measured the participants' skin responses such as sweaty palms to determine how much the participants were 6 bothered by the static noise. the researchers then correlated the skin and brain responses to evaluate how brain activity influences emotional expression.

an analysis of the brain scans showed that unpleasant events produced activity within the frontal 7(裂片,凸起) of the brain. the amount of activity was reduced when participants expected the unpleasant event, but not when the event was unexpected. further, the amount of activity within these brain regions controlled the emotional response that was expressed.

"these findings are a first step in identifying techniques and procedures that will allow us in future studies to go in and look at patient populations and better understand how their brains respond to negative or unpleasant stimuli," knight said.

"those studies will hopefully lead to other studies in which we can perhaps try different medications(药物) with these individuals and see if that alters their brains to aversive(厌恶的) stimuli," he said. "with that information, we can start to develop biological markers using fmri that may help us better identify and treat different types of 8."



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1 et1x4     
n.紊乱,混乱;骚动,骚乱;疾病,失调
参考例句:
  • when returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后,他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
  • it contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。
2 5hmxa     
adj.为实用而设计的,具备功能的,起作用的
参考例句:
  • the telephone was out of order,but is functional now.电话刚才坏了,但现在可以用了。
  • the furniture is not fancy,just functional.这些家具不是摆着好看的,只是为了实用。
3 hbazc     
n.洪亮;共鸣;共振
参考例句:
  • playing the piano sets up resonance in those glass ornaments.一弹钢琴那些玻璃饰物就会产生共振。
  • the areas under the two resonance envelopes are unequal.两个共振峰下面的面积是不相等的。
4 w2hxk     
n.骑士,武士;爵士
参考例句:
  • he was made an honourary knight.他被授予荣誉爵士称号。
  • a knight rode on his richly caparisoned steed.一个骑士骑在装饰华丽的马上。
5 zrqzo     
n.研究者,调查者,审查者
参考例句:
  • he was a special investigator for the fbi.他是联邦调查局的特别调查员。
  • the investigator was able to deduce the crime and find the criminal.调查者能够推出犯罪过程并锁定罪犯。
6 inix5     
adj.物质上,体格上,身体上,按自然规律
参考例句:
  • he was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服,心绪也很乱。
  • every time i think about it i feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。
7 r8azn     
n.耳垂,(肺,肝等的)叶
参考例句:
  • tiny electrical sensors are placed on your scalp and on each ear lobe.小电器传感器放置在您的头皮和对每个耳垂。
  • the frontal lobe of the brain is responsible for controlling movement.大脑前叶的功能是控制行动。
8 6e49dcafe3638183c823d3aa5b12b010     
n.混乱( disorder的名词复数 );凌乱;骚乱;(身心、机能)失调
参考例句:
  • reports of anorexia and other eating disorders are on the increase. 据报告,厌食症和其他饮食方面的功能紊乱发生率正在不断增长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • the announcement led to violent civil disorders. 这项宣布引起剧烈的骚乱。 来自《简明英汉词典》
tag标签: human brain experience
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