设想:月球上如何产生水-凯发k8官网

设想:月球上如何产生水
文章来源:未知 文章作者:meng 发布时间:2009-10-30 05:42 字体: [ ] 
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the moon is a big sponge(海绵) that absorbs electrically charged particles given out by the sun. these particles interact with the oxygen present in some dust grains(颗粒) on the lunar surface, producing water. this discovery, made by the esa-isro instrument sara onboard the indian chandrayaan-1 lunar orbiter, confirms how water is likely being created on the lunar surface. it also gives scientists an ingenious new way to take images of the moon and any other airless body in the solar system.

the lunar surface is a loose collection of irregular dust grains, known as regolith(表土,风化层). incoming particles should be trapped in the spaces between the grains and absorbed. when this happens to protons(质子) they are expected to interact with the oxygen in the lunar regolith(月土壤) to produce hydroxyl(氢氧根) and water. the signature for these 1 was recently found and reported by chandrayaan-1's moon mineralogy mapper (m3) instrument team.

the sara results confirm that solar hydrogen 2(氢核) are indeed being absorbed by the lunar regolith but also highlight a mystery: not every proton is absorbed. one out of every five 3 into space. in the process, the proton joins with an electron to become an atom of hydrogen. "we didn't expect to see this at all," says stas barabash, swedish institute of space physics, who is the european principal 4 for the sub-kev atom reflecting analyzer (sara) instrument, which made the discovery.

although barabash and his colleagues do not know what is causing the reflections, the discovery paves the way for(为……铺平道路) a new type of image to be made. the hydrogen shoots off with speeds of around 200 km/s and escapes without being 6 by the moon's weak gravity. hydrogen is also electrically neutral(中立的), and is not diverted by the magnetic fields in space. so the atoms fly in straight lines, just like photons of light. in principle, each atom can be traced back to its origin and an image of the surface can be made. the areas that emit most hydrogen will show up the brightest.

whilst the moon does not generate a global magnetic field, some lunar rocks are magnetised. barabash and his team are currently making images, to look for such 'magnetic anomalies' in lunar rocks. these generate magnetic bubbles that 5 incoming protons away into surrounding regions making magnetic rocks appear dark in a hydrogen image.

the incoming protons are part of the solar wind, a constant stream of particles given off by the sun. they collide with every 7(天上的) object in the solar system but are usually stopped by the body's atmosphere. on bodies without such a natural shield, for example 8 or the planet mercury, the solar wind reaches the ground. the sara team expects that these objects too will reflect many of the incoming protons back into space as hydrogen atoms.

this knowledge provides timely advice for the scientists and engineers who are readying esa's bepicolombo mission to mercury. the spacecraft will be carrying two similar instruments to sara and may find that the inner-most planet is reflecting more hydrogen than the moon because the solar wind is more concentrated closer to the sun.



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1 187c25e49d45ad10b2f266c1fa7a8d49     
分子( molecule的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • the structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。
  • inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里,大分子裂变为小分子。
2 thcxf     
n.核
参考例句:
  • to free electrons, something has to make them whirl fast enough to break away from their nuclei. 为了释放电子,必须使电子高速旋转而足以摆脱原子核的束缚。
  • energy is released by the fission of atomic nuclei. 能量是由原子核分裂释放出来的。
3 87b0c2d1da6e752183ab26d425c5acd4     
反弹球( rebound的名词复数 ); 回弹球; 抢断篮板球; 复兴
参考例句:
  • v is the velocity after the gas particle rebounds from the wall. v是粒子从壁上弹开后的速度。
  • in the former case, the first body rebounds with practically its original velocity. 在前一种情况下,第一个物体实际上以原来的速度弹回。
4 zrqzo     
n.研究者,调查者,审查者
参考例句:
  • he was a special investigator for the fbi.他是联邦调查局的特别调查员。
  • the investigator was able to deduce the crime and find the criminal.调查者能够推出犯罪过程并锁定罪犯。
5 rxvxg     
v.(使)偏斜,(使)偏离,(使)转向
参考例句:
  • never let a little problem deflect you.决不要因一点小问题就半途而废。
  • they decided to deflect from the original plan.他们决定改变原计划。
6 3ff217d1b7afea5ab74330437461da11     
偏离的
参考例句:
  • the ball deflected off reid's body into the goal. 球打在里德身上反弹进球门。
  • most of its particles are deflected. 此物质的料子大多是偏斜的。
7 4ruz8     
adj.天体的;天上的
参考例句:
  • the rosy light yet beamed like a celestial dawn.玫瑰色的红光依然象天上的朝霞一样绚丽。
  • gravity governs the motions of celestial bodies.万有引力控制着天体的运动。
8 d02ebba086eb60b6155b94e12649ff84     
n.小行星( asteroid的名词复数 );海盘车,海星
参考例句:
  • asteroids,also known as "minor planets",are numerous in the outer space. 小行星,亦称为“小型行星”,在外太空中不计其数。
  • most stars probably have their quota of planets, meteorids, comets, and asteroids. 多数恒星也许还拥有若干行星、流星、彗星和小行星。
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