低疫苗接种率造成2015迪斯尼麻疹的爆发-凯发k8官网

低疫苗接种率造成2015迪斯尼麻疹的爆发
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2015-03-17 06:02 字体: [ ] 
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1 2 3 is likely a driving force behind the 4 disneyland 5 outbreak, according to calculations by a research team at boston children's hospital. their report, based on epidemiological data and published online by jama pediatrics, indicates that vaccine coverage among the exposed populations is far below that necessary to keep the virus in check, and is the first to 6 link measles 7 rates and the ongoing outbreak. by examining case numbers reported by the california department of public health and current and historical case data captured by the healthmap disease surveillance system, the researchers--led by maimuna majumder, mph, and john brownstein, phd, of boston children's informatics program--estimate that the measles vaccination rate among the case clusters in california, arizona and illinois is between 50 and 86 percent, far below the 96 to 99 percent necessary to create a 8 9 effect.
 
measles is highly 10. it's estimated that an infected individual in a population 11 12 to measles will spread the virus to between 11 and 18 additional people. this number is called the virus's basic reproduction rate, or r0. in a population where at least some individuals are immune to measles, the virus spreads from person to person more slowly. the rate of spread in an immune population is called the virus's effective reproduction rate, or re.
 
using case data, r0 and measles' 13 14 (the length of time for each successive wave of transmission to follow the one before), majumder and brownstein calculated that the virus's re in the disneyland outbreak is between 3.2 and 5.8. from there, the pair calculated their vaccination estimate.
 
the researchers are quick to note that their estimate does not reflect vaccination across the united states, the state of california or even among the population of disneyland visitors at the outbreak's start. rather, it reflects the vaccination rate among the exposed populations in each cluster of cases linked to the outbreak so far.
 
"it's as though you took everyone exposed to measles in the areas with case clusters, put them in a room and measured the level of vaccine coverage in that 15 population," says majumder.


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1 2kzyk     
adj.(for,to)不充足的,不适当的
参考例句:
  • the supply is inadequate to meet the demand.供不应求。
  • she was inadequate to the demands that were made on her.她还无力满足对她提出的各项要求。
2 ki1wv     
n.牛痘苗,疫苗;adj.牛痘的,疫苗的
参考例句:
  • the polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
  • she takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。
3 nvwz7v     
n.报导,保险范围,保险额,范围,覆盖
参考例句:
  • there's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
  • this is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。
4 6rvzt     
adj.进行中的,前进的
参考例句:
  • the problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
  • the issues raised in the report relate directly to age concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。
5 bw8y9     
n.麻疹,风疹,包虫病,痧子
参考例句:
  • the doctor is quite definite about tom having measles.医生十分肯定汤姆得了麻疹。
  • the doctor told her to watch out for symptoms of measles.医生叫她注意麻疹出现的症状。
6 vptxw     
adv.明确地,断然,坚决地;实在,确实
参考例句:
  • she was positively glowing with happiness.她满脸幸福。
  • the weather was positively poisonous.这天气着实讨厌。
7 bkgzm     
n.接种疫苗,种痘
参考例句:
  • vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
  • doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。
8 pd8zb     
n.兽群,牧群;vt.使集中,把…赶在一起
参考例句:
  • she drove the herd of cattle through the wilderness.她赶着牛群穿过荒野。
  • he had no opinions of his own but simply follow the herd.他从无主见,只是人云亦云。
9 dygyq     
n.优惠;免除;豁免,豁免权
参考例句:
  • the law gives public schools immunity from taxation.法律免除公立学校的纳税义务。
  • he claims diplomatic immunity to avoid being arrested.他要求外交豁免以便避免被捕。
10 tz0yl     
adj.传染性的,有感染力的
参考例句:
  • it's a highly contagious infection.这种病极易传染。
  • he's got a contagious laugh.他的笑富有感染力。
11 gfuzd     
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
参考例句:
  • the doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • they soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
12 4rrw7     
adj.过敏的,敏感的;易动感情的,易受感动的
参考例句:
  • children are more susceptible than adults.孩子比成人易受感动。
  • we are all susceptible to advertising.我们都易受广告的影响。
13 0zuw2     
n.连本影片,连本电视节目;adj.连续的
参考例句:
  • a new serial is starting on television tonight.今晚电视开播一部新的电视连续剧。
  • can you account for the serial failures in our experiment?你能解释我们实验屡屡失败的原因吗?
14 85kxy     
n.间隔,间距;幕间休息,中场休息
参考例句:
  • the interval between the two trees measures 40 feet.这两棵树的间隔是40英尺。
  • there was a long interval before he anwsered the telephone.隔了好久他才回了电话。
15 ckoye     
adj.总计的,集合的;n.总数;v.合计;集合
参考例句:
  • the football team had a low goal aggregate last season.这支足球队上个赛季的进球总数很少。
  • the money collected will aggregate a thousand dollars.进帐总额将达一千美元。
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