《高中英语语法大全》 疑问代词-凯发k8官网

《高中英语语法大全》 疑问代词
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2023-10-30 08:22 字体: [ ] 
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
七、疑问代词
1. 疑问代词的用法。疑问代词(who, whom, whose, which, what等)在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等:
who is your english teacher? 你们的英语老师是谁?
whose is this umbrella? 这伞是谁的?
whose umbrella is this? 这是谁的伞?
what question did he ask? 他问了什么问题?
which do you prefer, tea or coffee? 茶和咖啡,你喜欢那样?
注:who 和 whom 只用作主语、宾语和表语,不用作定语,what, which, whose 则既可用作主语、宾语和表语,也可用作定语。
2. 两组疑问代词的用法比较
(1) who 与 whom:前者为主格,用作主语,后者为宾格,用作宾格:
who spoke at the meeting? 谁在会上发言了?
whom are you talking about? 你们在谈论谁?
但是,当用作宾语的 whom 位于句首时,通常可用who 代之:
who(m) is the letter from? 这信是谁寄来的?
若是紧跟在介词之后用作宾语,则只能用 whom。
(2) what, which 与 who:
① 若后接名词(即用作限定词),只用which和what,不能用who:
which / what train did you come on? 你是坐哪次火车来的?
what和 which 的区别是:当选择的范围较小或比较明确时,多用 which;当选择的范围较较大或不明确时,多用 what:
which color do you like, red, black or white? 红色、黑色和白色,你喜欢哪种?
what color is your car? 你的汽车是什么颜色的?
但是,若指人,即使选择的范围不明确,也多用 which:
which [what] writers do you like? 你喜欢哪些作家?
② 若其后不接名词(即用作代词),三者均可用,which和what的用法区别可参见上面的分析。至于who,它一般只用来指人(用作代词的 which 不用于指人),不管选择范围大还是小、明确还是不明确均可用:
who won –– tom or mike? 谁赢了,是汤姆还是迈克?
who is your favorite poet? 你最喜欢的诗人是谁?
当选择范围比较明确且用作宾语时,who也可用which或which one代之:
who [which /which one] do you like better, your father or your mother? 你更喜欢谁,父亲还是母亲?
③ 由于what和who的选择范围可以很大或不明确,所以其后可以跟 else,表示其他的人(或事物),但却通常不跟表示特定范围的of 短语;而 which 的选择范围相对比较小或明确,所以其后一般不接 else,却常与表特定范围的of短语连用:
who (what) else did you see there? 你在那儿还看到了别人的什么人(什么东西)?
which of the three girls is the oldest? 这三个女孩中哪个年纪最大?
④ 另外,比较以下两句:
"who is he?" 他是谁?(who 指姓名、关系等)
what is he? 他是干什么的?(what 指职业、地位等)
3. 两类易混句型的区别。请先看以下两句:
what do you think he wants? 你认为他想要什么?
do you know what he wants? 你知道他想要什么吗?
上面第一句为特殊疑问句,第二句为一般疑问句,它们不能倒过来说成do you think what he wants? what do you know he wants? 其原则区别是:可以用 yes 或 no 回答者,用一般疑问句的形式(疑问词放在句中,即主句之后),适合这类句型的主句动词通常有 know, hear, ask, tell 等;不能用 yes 或 no 回答者,用特殊疑问句的形式(疑问词放在句首),适合这类句型的主句动词通常有 think, believe, suppose, guess 等:
where do you suppose he has gone? 你认为他去什么地方了?
did you ask why he had left so soon? 你问过他为什么那么快就离开了吗?
4. 两个疑问代词同用的情况。请看以下实例:
where and when were you born? 你出生在何时何地?
when and how did he go there? 他是什么时候、怎么去那儿的?
"where is it?" "where is what?" “它在哪儿?”“什么在哪儿?”

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