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二、人称代词 1. 人称代词的用法。人称代词在句中可以用作主语(用主格,如i, you, he, she, we, they, 等)和宾语(用宾格,如me, you, him, her, us, them等): he loves her, but she hates him. 他爱她,但她却讨厌他。 注:(1) 在口语中,当人称代词用作表语、用于than, as 之后或用于强调句中被强调时,可以用宾语: “who is it?” “it’s me.” “是谁呀?”“是我。” he sings better than me. 他比我唱得好。 he is as tall as her. 他和她一样高。 it’s me who did it. 这是我干的。 但是,若than, as 后的人称代词后跟有动词,则必须用主格: he sings better than i do. / he is as tall as she is. (2) 单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格: “i’m tired.” “me too.” “我累了。”“我也累了。” “who wants this?” “me.” “谁要这个?”“我要。” (3) 有时用主格或宾格会导致意思的变化: i like you better than he. 我比他更喜欢你。为i like you better than he likes you.之略。 i like you better than him. 我喜欢你胜过喜欢他。为i like you better than he likes him.之略。 2. 人称代词的排序: (1) 人称代词的排列顺序为:单数人称代词通常按“二三一”排列,即you, he and i;复数人称代词通常按“一二三”排列,即 we, you and they: you, he and i are of the same age. 你,他和我都是同一年龄。 we , you and they are all good citizens. 我们,你们和他们都是好公民。 但若是用于承担责任或错误等场合,则可把第一人称 i 置于其他人称代词之前: i and tom are to blame. 我和汤姆该受批评。 比较:tom and i hope to go there. 汤姆和我想去那儿。 但是,you and i 是固定结构,语序通常不宜颠倒。 (2) 在通常情况下,人称代词在句子中出现在它所代替的名词之后,即先出现名词,再出现相应的代词。但是,在书面语中,有时也可出现代词,后出现代词所代替的名词: as soon as it had hopped off, the plane picked up speed. 飞机刚一起飞,就加了速。(比较:as soon as the plane had hopped off, it picked up speed.) 3. 人称代词后跟名词同位语。有些人称代词后有时可跟同位语: these small desks are for us students. 这些小课桌是给我们学生的。 we girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子常一起去看电影。 he asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。 |
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