'proof' malaria began in chimps 疟疾始于黑猩猩“证据”找到-凯发k8官网

'proof' malaria began in chimps 疟疾始于黑猩猩“证据”找到
文章来源:未知 文章作者:meng 发布时间:2009-08-04 06:57 字体: [ ] 
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

scientists say they have 1 proof 2 spread by mosquitoes jumped species from chimpanzees to humans.

科学家称他们已经找到遗传证据证明通过蚊子传播的疟疾可以从黑猩猩跳跃物种到人身上。

3 from the mfou national park in cameroon" width="226" border="0" src="/upimg/090804/4_071935_1.jpg" />
a chimp from the mfou national park in cameroon

by looking at blood samples, a us team discovered all world strains of the human malaria(疟疾) 4(寄生虫,食客) falciparum stem from a malaria parasite in 5.

they tell 6 of the national academy of sciences how the species shift probably happened 10,000 years ago when humans turned to agriculture.

man's 7(侵蚀,侵犯) upon the natural forest habitat of chimps is blamed.

it brought the two species into close contact and the deforestation(采伐森林) created pools of 8(不流动的,不景气的) water and other conditions 9 for mosquito breeding.

"today, human encroachment into the last forest habitats has further extended, leading to a higher risk of transfer of new pathogens(病原体), including new malaria 10," the researchers warn.

species jump

11, malaria's origin in humans had been unclear.

but this latest work suggests malaria, like hiv, has jumped species from one of our closest relatives.

although chimps were known to harbour a parasite - plasmodium reichenowi - that is closely related to the most common of the human malaria parasites, plasmodium falciparum(恶性疟原虫), many scientists had assumed that the two had co-existed separately.

but blood tests on 94 wild and captive chimpanzees in cameroon and the ivory coast suggest falciparum evolved from reichenowi.

francisco ayala, of the university of california, irvine, and colleagues found eight new strains of reichenowi that had striking similarities to falciparum and were genetic 12(先驱者,前导) to the human disease.

the leap could have happened as early as two to three million years ago, but most likely to our 13 ancestors as recently as 10,000 years ago.

the scientists hope their discovery will help others looking for new drugs and 14(疫苗) to stop human malaria.

professor brian greenwood, a malaria expert at the london school of 15 and tropical medicine, said: "this is interesting work.

"there has been dispute about how long falciparum has been around for and as genetic techniques get better we can get a more accurate idea."



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1 pgixp     
adj.遗传的,遗传学的
参考例句:
  • it's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
  • each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
2 b2xyb     
n.疟疾
参考例句:
  • he had frequent attacks of malaria.他常患疟疾。
  • malaria is a kind of serious malady.疟疾是一种严重的疾病。
3 wxgza     
n.黑猩猩
参考例句:
  • in fact,the color of gorilla and chimp are light-color.其实大猩猩和黑猩猩的肤色是较为浅的。
  • the chimp is the champ.猩猩是冠军。
4 u4lzn     
n.寄生虫;寄生菌;食客
参考例句:
  • the lazy man was a parasite on his family.那懒汉是家里的寄生虫。
  • i don't want to be a parasite.i must earn my own way in life.我不想做寄生虫,我要自己养活自己。
5 2a09048610e52de775e2fe426c063f06     
(非洲)黑猩猩( chimp的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • chimps are too scarce, and too nearly human, to be routinely slaughtered for spare parts. 黑猩猩又太少,也太接近于人类,不可以作为人器官备用件说杀就杀。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 医学的第四次革命
  • and as nonprimates, they provoke fewer ethical and safety-related concerns than chimps or baboons. 而且作为非灵长类,就不会产生像用黑猩猩或狒狒那样的伦理和安全方面的顾虑。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 医学的第四次革命
6 wk2zvx     
n.进程,过程,议程;诉讼(程序);公报
参考例句:
  • he was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
  • to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼
7 dpqxb     
n.侵入,蚕食
参考例句:
  • i resent the encroachment on my time.我讨厌别人侵占我的时间。
  • the eagle broke away and defiantly continued its encroachment.此时雕挣脱开对方,继续强行入侵。
8 iggzj     
adj.不流动的,停滞的,不景气的
参考例句:
  • due to low investment,industrial output has remained stagnant.由于投资少,工业生产一直停滞不前。
  • their national economy is stagnant.他们的国家经济停滞不前。
9 favourable     
adj.赞成的,称赞的,有利的,良好的,顺利的
参考例句:
  • the company will lend you money on very favourable terms.这家公司将以非常优惠的条件借钱给你。
  • we found that most people are favourable to the idea.我们发现大多数人同意这个意见。
10 a8076647ef34cfbbf9d3cb418df78a08     
寄生物( parasite的名词复数 ); 靠他人为生的人; 诸虫
参考例句:
  • these symptoms may be referable to virus infection rather than parasites. 这些症状也许是由病毒感染引起的,而与寄生虫无关。
  • kangaroos harbor a vast range of parasites. 袋鼠身上有各种各样的寄生虫。
11 bkzzzc     
adv.以前,先前(地)
参考例句:
  • the bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
  • let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿,解释原先发生了什么。
12 5e19fce64ab14f5a4b5c8687640c2593     
n.先驱( precursor的名词复数 );先行者;先兆;初期形式
参考例句:
  • phenyl (or polyphenyl) substituted epoxides serve as excellent precursors to phenyl (or diphenyl) carbenes. 某些苯代(或多苯)环氧乙烷是制取带苯环(或二苯)碳烯的极好原料。 来自辞典例句
  • note the presence of megakaryocytes, erythroid islands, and granulocytic precursors. 可见巨核细胞,红细胞岛和粒细胞前体细胞。 来自互联网
13 9gmx7     
adj.新石器时代的
参考例句:
  • cattle were first domesticated in neolithic times.新石器时代有人开始驯养牛。
  • the monument was stone age or neolithic.该纪念碑是属于石器时代或新石器时代的。
14 c9bb57973a82c1e95c7cd0f4988a1ded     
疫苗,痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • his team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
  • the vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。
15 kchzr     
n.健康法,卫生学 (a.hygienic)
参考例句:
  • their course of study includes elementary hygiene and medical theory.他们的课程包括基础卫生学和医疗知识。
  • he's going to give us a lecture on public hygiene.他要给我们作关于公共卫生方面的报告。
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