知识产权-凯发k8官网

知识产权
文章来源: 文章作者: 发布时间:2007-04-03 07:15 字体: [ ] 
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
intellectual property

  generally, intellectual property is intangible and is created by intellectual effort as opposed to physical effort. in the united states, patents, 凯发k8官网 copyrights and 2 are governed by federal law. trade secrets are governed by state law.

  一般来说,知识产权是无形的并且是由相对于体力劳动的智力劳动创造的。在美国,专利权、凯发k8天生赢家一触即发官网的版权和商标权是由联邦法管辖的,而商业秘密是由州法律管辖。

  a patent is a governmental grant of an exclusive monopoly as an 3 and a reward for a new invention. to be patentable, an idea must be novel, useful and nonobvious. 1in the u. s. a. , the owner of a patent controls the right to make, sell and use a product for a period of seventeen years and a design for fourteen years. if one manufactures, sells, or uses a patented invention without 4 of the patent owner, he has probably committed patent 5. the infringement exists even if the 6 did not know about the patent. infringers can be liable for damages and may be 7 from future infringement.

  专利权是政府对一项新发明授予的独占的权利,以给予该发明以鼓励和奖励,一项具有专利性的想法必须具备新颖性、实用性和非显著性。在美国,专利权人对产品的制作、销售及使用有十七年的控制权,而设计是十四年。如果某人未经专利权人授权而制造、销售及使用该专利发明,那么他就可能是专利侵权行为。即使侵权人不了解专利侵权依然存在。侵权人可以要求赔偿并且禁止以后侵权。

  however, the party challenged with patent infringement can escape liability in a variety of ways. one way is by proving that the challenged product or process is outside the scope of the patent. another way is by proving that the patent is 8 because it fails to meet the 9 for patentability. a third way is to establish that the patent 10 has 12 the patent. 11 of a patent occurs when a patent holder uses the patent to achieve something illegally. the most common type of misuse occurs when the patent holder uses the patent to violate the antitrust laws.

  然而,被质疑专利侵权的一方可以用许多方式逃避责任。一个方式是证明被质疑的产品或过程是在专利的领域之外。另一个方式是证明由于专利未能满足专利性的标准而无效。第三个方式是证实专利权人滥用专利。当一个专利权人利用专利去非法的完成某些事时,专利滥用就发生了。最常见的滥用专利权常发生在专利权人利用其专利违反反垄断法的时候。

  a 凯发k8官网 copyright protects the physical expression of intellectual or 13 effort, not the idea. a 凯发k8官网 copyright is effective for the life of the creator plus fifty years. anyone who creates an original work is protected by an automatic common law 凯发k8官网 copyright. published materials without statutory 凯发k8官网 copyright protection are said to him in the public 14 and may be used by anyone, without the consent of the creator, 3to obtain statutory 凯发k8官网 copyright protection, materials must be published with the 凯发k8官网 copyright notice, which takes the form of the word "凯发k8官网 copyright" or the abbreviation copr. , or the symbol (c) followed by the name of the 凯发k8官网 copyright owner. 凯发k8官网 copyrights may be registered with the register of 凯发k8官网 copyright and copies of the 凯发k8官网 copyrighted material are provided by the library of congress. if one violates the 凯发k8官网 copyright created by the 凯发k8官网 copyright notice, he may only be enjoined from future 15. if he violates a 凯发k8官网 copyright created by 16, he may be liable for damages, fines or 17. owners of 凯发k8官网 copyrights may assign their ownership to others.

  凯发k8天生赢家一触即发官网的版权保护的是对智力或艺术成果的有形描述,而不是主意。凯发k8天生赢家一触即发官网的版权的保护期是创作者的终身再加五十年。任何人创作了作品之后都自动受到普通法凯发k8天生赢家一触即发官网的版权的保护,未获成文法凯发k8天生赢家一触即发官网的版权保护的出版物被称为在公共领域,任何人都可以不经作者同意而使用。要想获得成文法凯发k8天生赢家一触即发官网的版权的保护,作品出版时必须有凯发k8天生赢家一触即发官网的版权标志,其形式有单词"凯发k8官网 copyright"或缩写"copr."及附有凯发k8天生赢家一触即发官网的版权人姓名的符号c。凯发k8天生赢家一触即发官网的版权可以向凯发k8天生赢家一触即发官网的版权登记簿登记并且国会图书馆将提供作品的复印件。如果侵犯了通过凯发k8天生赢家一触即发官网的版权标志受到保护的凯发k8天生赢家一触即发官网的版权,侵权人可能仅仅被禁止再侵权行为;但如果侵犯了注册凯发k8天生赢家一触即发官网的版权,侵权人便会承担支付损害赔偿,罚款或被监禁的法律责任。凯发k8天生赢家一触即发官网的版权人可以转让他们的权利给其他人。

  a 1 is a mark on goods that distinguishes the marked goods from competing goods. the mark may be a word, picture or design. in order to qualify as a trademark, the mark must not be overly descriptive or 18. trademarks are protected through registration. unauthorized use of the registered trademarks of others is illegal. public perception plays a significant role in trademark law. if the public comes to perceive that a trademark is generic, it will lose its legal status as a trademark. public perception can also create a legal right for an attribute of a product. if a product's shape or style or features are arbitrary and nonfunctional, and the general public comes to view these features as associated with a particular product, they are said to have acquired a secondary meaning, which may be registered and protected.

  商标是用来区别被标记的商品和相竞争的商品间的商品标记。商标可以是一个词,画或者设计。为了符合商标的标准,标记不能过度描述的或普通的。商标通过注册保护。未经授权使用他人注册商标是违法的。公众的认知在商标法中扮演着一个重要的角色。如果公众开始认为某个商标是普通的,它将会失去商标的法律地位。公众的认知也能为产品的某个性质创造法律权利。如果一产品的形状、式样或特征是任意的且不具备功能性的,如果公众将其视为与特定的产品有联系的话,它就被称为取得了引申义,那么该形状、式样或特征也可以注册并受到保护。

  a trade secret may consist of any formula, device or 19 of information which is used in one's business, and which gives him an opportunity to obtain an advantage over competitors who do not know or use it. trade secrets must be kept secret. to qualify for protection, the secret must give the firm a competitive advantage. unlike patents and 凯发k8官网 copyrights, there is no time limit on the life of a trade secret. it is effective as long as the 20 is maintained. the law protects trade secrets from wrongful 21. this does not mean that a competitor cannot use the same manufacturing process. it only means that the competitor must arrive at the idea independently.

  一个商业秘密可能由在某个公司使用的公式、设计及信息编辑等组成,并且该商业秘密赋予它机会去得到优势超过不知道或未使用该秘密的竞争者。商业秘密必需保有秘密。要符合保护的标准,该秘密必须给予公司竞争性的优势。不象专利和凯发k8天生赢家一触即发官网的版权,商业秘密没有时间限制。只要控制着秘密,它就有效。法律保护商业秘密不被非法窃取。这并不意味着竞争者不能使用同样的制造过程。它仅仅意味竞争者必须独立的得到这个主意



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1 xndw8     
n.商标;特征;vt.注册的…商标
参考例句:
  • the trademark is registered on the book of the patent office.该商标已在专利局登记注册。
  • the trademark of the pen was changed.这钢笔的商标改了。
2 3d5cfd3d5e627e33b27fadb6b405a1dd     
n.(注册)商标( trademark的名词复数 );(人的行为或衣着的)特征,标记
参考例句:
  • motrin and nuprin are trademarks of brands of ibuprofen tablets. nuprin和motrin均是布洛芬的商标。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • many goods in china have the trademarks of a panda. 中国的许多商品都带有熊猫的商标。 来自《简明英汉词典》
3 j4zy9     
n.刺激;动力;鼓励;诱因;动机
参考例句:
  • money is still a major incentive in most occupations.在许多职业中,钱仍是主要的鼓励因素。
  • he hasn't much incentive to work hard.他没有努力工作的动机。
4 woxyv     
n.授权,委任状
参考例句:
  • anglers are required to obtain prior authorization from the park keeper.垂钓者必须事先得到公园管理者的许可。
  • you cannot take a day off without authorization.未经批准你不得休假。
5 nbvz3     
n.违反;侵权
参考例句:
  • infringement of this regulation would automatically rule you out of the championship.违背这一规则会被自动取消参加锦标赛的资格。
  • the committee ruled that the us ban constituted an infringement of free trade.委员会裁定美国的禁令对自由贸易构成了侵犯
6 66f62f79d26484ac91e980561d91fa40     
[法] 侵权人
参考例句:
  • the infringement exists even if the infringer did not know about the patent. 即使侵权人不了解专利侵权依然存在。 来自互联网
  • those members also expressed concern regarding the calculation of damages based on the infringer's profits. 这些成员还对以侵权人利润为基础计算损失的做法表示关注。 来自互联网
7 a56d6c1104bd2fa23ac381649be067ae     
v.命令( enjoin的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • the embezzler was severely punished and enjoined to kick back a portion of the stolen money each month. 贪污犯受到了严厉惩罚,并被责令每月退还部分赃款。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • she enjoined me strictly not to tell anyone else. 她严令我不准告诉其他任何人。 来自辞典例句
8 v4oxh     
n.病人,伤残人;adj.有病的,伤残的;无效的
参考例句:
  • he will visit an invalid.他将要去看望一个病人。
  • a passport that is out of date is invalid.护照过期是无效的。
9 vafyc     
n.标准
参考例句:
  • the main criterion is value for money.主要的标准是钱要用得划算。
  • there are strict criteria for inclusion in the competition.参赛的标准很严格。
10 wc4xq     
n.持有者,占有者;(台,架等)支持物
参考例句:
  • the holder of the office of chairman is reponsible for arranging meetings.担任主席职位的人负责安排会议。
  • that runner is the holder of the world record for the hundred-yard dash.那位运动员是一百码赛跑世界纪录的保持者。
11 xefxx     
n.误用,滥用;vt.误用,滥用
参考例句:
  • it disturbs me profoundly that you so misuse your talents.你如此滥用自己的才能,使我深感不安。
  • he was sacked for computer misuse.他因滥用计算机而被解雇了。
12 8eaf65262a752e371adfb992201c1caf     
v.使用…不当( misuse的过去式和过去分词 );把…派作不正当的用途;虐待;滥用
参考例句:
  • he misused his dog shamefully. 他可耻地虐待自己的狗。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • he had grossly misused his power. 他严重滥用职权。 来自《简明英汉词典》
13 iewyg     
adj.艺术(家)的,美术(家)的;善于艺术创作的
参考例句:
  • the picture on this screen is a good artistic work.这屏风上的画是件很好的艺术品。
  • these artistic handicrafts are very popular with foreign friends.外国朋友很喜欢这些美术工艺品。
14 ys8xc     
n.(活动等)领域,范围;领地,势力范围
参考例句:
  • this information should be in the public domain.这一消息应该为公众所知。
  • this question comes into the domain of philosophy.这一问题属于哲学范畴。
15 403b65677d39097086593415b650ca21     
违反( violation的名词复数 ); 冒犯; 违反(行为、事例); 强奸
参考例句:
  • this is one of the commonest traffic violations. 这是常见的违反交通规则之例。
  • these violations of the code must cease forthwith. 这些违犯法规的行为必须立即停止。
16 askzo     
n.登记,注册,挂号
参考例句:
  • marriage without registration is not recognized by law.法律不承认未登记的婚姻。
  • what's your registration number?你挂的是几号?
17 i9uxk     
n.关押,监禁,坐牢
参考例句:
  • his sentence was commuted from death to life imprisonment.他的判决由死刑减为无期徒刑。
  • he was sentenced to one year's imprisonment for committing bigamy.他因为犯重婚罪被判入狱一年。
18 mgixr     
adj.一般的,普通的,共有的
参考例句:
  • i usually buy generic clothes instead of name brands.我通常买普通的衣服,不买名牌。
  • the generic woman appears to have an extraordinary faculty for swallowing the individual.一般妇女在婚后似乎有特别突出的抑制个性的能力。
19 kptzy     
n.编译,编辑
参考例句:
  • one of the first steps taken was the compilation of a report.首先采取的步骤之一是写一份报告。
  • the compilation of such diagrams,is of lasting value for astronomy.绘制这样的图对天文学有永恒的价值。
20 nzbxh     
n.秘密,保密,隐蔽
参考例句:
  • all the researchers on the project are sworn to secrecy.该项目的所有研究人员都按要求起誓保守秘密。
  • complete secrecy surrounded the meeting.会议在绝对机密的环境中进行。
21 on7ys     
n.拨款,批准支出
参考例句:
  • our government made an appropriation for the project.我们的政府为那个工程拨出一笔款项。
  • the council could note an annual appropriation for this service.议会可以为这项服务表决给他一笔常年经费。
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