大家在练习toefl写作时可以参考使用
1.增补(addition)
in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what`s more, similarly, next, finally.
2.比较(comparison)
in the same way, likewise, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as
3.对照(contrast)
whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, even though, on the contrary, while
4.因果(cause and effect)
because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus
5.强调(emphasis)
certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, 1, absolutely, most imprtant
6.让步(concession)
although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true....
7.例证(exemplification)
for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.
8.总结(conclusion)
to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary
9.推断(inference)
therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise
10.时间和空间(time and space)
afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyound, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of
大家在使用这些词的时候要先弄清哪些是副词,哪些是连词.(副词不可以连接两个句子,连词可以.)
以下是按照另外一种角度来概括
启承转合
启
a proverb says...... at present.......
as the proverb says.... currently.....
generally speaking, .... now,....
in general, ..... on the whole....
it is clear that.... recently.....
it is often said that.... without doubt, .......
承
first(of all), ...... moreover, .........
firstly, ............ no one can deny that....
in the first place, ......... obviously.....
to begin with, ......... of course, .........
also, ....... similarly,.........
at the same time...... therefore, we should realize that.....
certainly...... there is no doubt that.......
in addition,..... what`s more, ..........
in fact........ it can be easily proved that...
meanwhile......
转
but... still, ......
but the problem is not so simple...
there is a certain amount of truth in this, but we still have a problem with regard to.......
however, ....... to our surprise,..........
nevertheless, ........ unfortunately.......
on the other hand, .......
yet difference will be found and that is why i feel that........
others may find this to be true, but i do not. i think.....
合
above all, in brief, ........
accordingly, ..... in conclusion, ........
all in all, .......
in other words, it is hard to escape the conclusion that........
as a consequence, ......... in short, .........
as i have shown/said/stated/.... in sum, ........
in summary, ....... as has been 2, ....
obviously, ......... by so doing, .....
on the whole, ..... consequently, ........
presumably, ....... eventually, .........
to conclude, ...... finally, ........
to sum up, ..... in a word, ......
to summarize, ........
收听单词发音 
