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today's highlight in history: on this date: in 1919, lady astor was sworn in as the first female member of the british parliament. in 1934, sergei m. kirov, a collaborator合作者,勾结者 of josef stalin, was 4 in leningrad, resulting in a massive purge清除,整肃. in 1942, nationwide gasoline汽油 5定量供应 went into effect in the united states. in 1943, president roosevelt, british prime minister winston churchill and 6 leader josef stalin concluded their tehran conference. in 1956, the leonard bernstein musical "candide," based on voltaire, opened on broadway. in 1959, representatives of 12 countries, including the united states, signed a treaty in washington setting aside antarctica as a scientific preserve保护,维持, free from military activity. in 1965, an airlift空运 of refugees逃亡者,难民 from cuba to the united states began in which thousands of cubans were allowed to leave their homeland. in 1969, the us government held its first draft 7 since world war two. in 1973, david ben-gurion, israel's first prime minister, died in tel aviv at age 87. ten years ago: in an extraordinary encounter, soviet president mikhail s. gorbachev met with pope john paul the second at the vatican. east germany's parliament abolished废止,革除 the communist party's constitutional guarantee保证,担保 of supremacy至高,主权. five years ago: the senate gave final congressional approval to a world trade agreement, passing the 124-nation general agreement on 8 and trade关税与贸易总协定 76-to-24. one year ago: exxon agreed to buy mobil for $73.7 billion. cuba's communist party recommended that december 25th be re-established as a permanent永久的 holiday. 点击收听单词发音
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